苯甲酸生产残液中锰、钴和镍的提取及分离

探讨了苯甲酸生产残液中锰、钴和镍的提取及分离方法。首先采用酸溶液提取残液中的金属元素;然后通过氨水沉淀法分离锰;最后使用p507萃取剂分离钴和镍。实验结果表明:当苯甲酸生产残液中锰、钴和镍的质量分数分别为0.085 0%,0.307 1%,0.015 5%时,在硫酸浓度为2.0 mol/L、过氧化氢溶液质量分数为25%的条件下,锰、钴和镍的提取率分别为88.59%,87.77%,86.50%;当氨水浓度为2 mol/L时,锰的沉淀率达94.24%;在平衡水相p H为4、p507萃取剂皂化率为60%、油相中p507萃取剂的体积分数为15%的条件下,钴萃取率达87.53%,镍萃取率仅为8.46%,钴镍分离系数为68.70。     

酸浸出法回收冶金污泥中的有价金属

采用二次酸浸出的方法回收镍钴湿法冶金工业污泥中的有价金属。先采用水和硫酸作为浸出剂浸出Mg和Na,最佳工艺条件为浸出液的pH 7.5、浸出时间5 min、浸出剂体积与干污泥质量的比(ω)为10 mL/g。再采用硫酸作为浸出剂、焦亚硫酸钠作为还原剂进行二次酸浸,在硫酸与污泥质量比为1.3、焦亚硫酸钠与污泥质量比为0.3、ω为5 mL/g、浸出温度85℃、浸出时间20 min的最佳工艺条件下,Co、Ni、Cu、Mn和Zn的浸出率分别达92.45%、93.48%、89.52%、97.78%和94.79%。经XRD表征,浸出后污泥中未见原污泥中的矿物相,说明原污泥中的矿物几乎全部被溶解。     

Ca(Ⅱ)在活性污泥生物絮凝中的作用研究

采用4个平行的序批式反应器(SBR),研究了进水Ca2+浓度对活性污泥絮体表而特性和结构稳定性的影响,并由此来确定Ca2+在生物絮凝中的作用.结果表明:随着进水Ca2+浓度的增加,污泥中的Ca含量逐渐增大.进水中Ca2+的加入,增大了污泥絮体的粒径和密度,进南改善了污泥的沉降性能;Ca2+的加入,使可供结合的蛋白质数量最高增至近1倍,污泥表面疏水性也相应增强;污泥絮凝性能的改善,主要和可供Ca2+结合的蛋白质含量增加有关,而非多糖;EDTA通过络合污泥絮体中的Ca2+,破坏了山Ca2+架桥形成的污泥絮体结构,这说明Ca2+可通过和胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)中的负电官能团架桥来促进污泥絮体的形成并维持絮体结构的稳定性.     

重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制作用微量热研究

用微量热法测定了Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)等四种重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制的产热曲线,得到了黑根霉菌在不同条件下的生长速率常数k,抑制率I,半抑制浓度IC_(50)等参数。实验结果表明,抑制顺序为:Cd~(2+)>Hg~(2+)>Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+);半抑制浓度分别为:Cd~(2+)0.8μg·ml~(-1);Hg~(2+)1.7μg·ml~（-1）;Pb~（2+）48.0μg·ml~(-1);Cu~(2+)110.0μg·ml~(-1)。     

Mutagenicity of atmospheric air and snow cover in the city of Syktyvkar estimated by the somatic mutation test inTradescantia (Clone 02) stamen hairs

Genotoxicity of atmospheric air was studied in Syktyvkar for three years (1995–1997) using the test of somatic mutations inTradescantia (clone 02) stamen hairs. The data obtained indicate local air pollution in the city. The tested samples of snowmelt, where Ni⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions were the main pollutants, had a high teratogenic effect on stamen hairs. The somatic mutation rate similar to that in the control group was obtained in the experiment with only one sample, in which the total content of metal ions was the lowest.     

Surface reaction of Bacillus cereus biomass and its biosorption for lead and copper ions

In this study, the surface chemical functional groups of Bacillus cereus biomass were identified by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） analytical technique. It had been shown that the B. cereus cells mainly contained carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, amino and amide functional groups. The potentiometric titration was conducted to explain the surface acid-base properties of aqueous B. cereus biomass. The computer program FITEQL 4.0 was used to perform the model calculations. The optimization results indicated that three sitesthree pKas model, which assumed the cell surface to have three distinct types of surface organic functional groups based on the IR analysis results, simulated the experimental results very well. Moreover, batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate biosorption behavior of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions onto the biomass. Obviously, the adsorption equilibrium data for the two ions were reasonably described by typical Langmuir isotherm.     

Di（2-ethylhexyl）phosphoric acid-coconut oil supported liquid membrane for the separation of copper ions from copper plating wastewater

Permeation of Cu(II) from its aqueous solution through a supported liquid membrane (SLM) containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) carrier dissolved in coconut oil has been studied. The effects of Cu(II), pH (in feed), H2SO4 (stripping) and D2EHPA (in membrane) concentrations have been investigated. The stability of the D2EHPA-coconutoil has also been evaluated. High Cu(II) concentration in the feed leads to an increase in flux from 4.1 × 10-9 to 8.9 × 10-9 mol/(m2·s) within the Cu(II) concentration range 7.8×10-4-78.6×10-4 mol/L at pH of 4.0 in the feed and 12.4 × 10-4 mol/L D2EHPA in the membrane phase. Increase in H2SO4 concentration in strip solution leads to an increase in copper ions flux up to 0.25 mol/L H2SO4, providing a maximum flux of 7.4 × 10-9 mol/(m2·s). The optimum conditions for Cu(II) transport are, pH of feed 4.0, 0.25 mol/L H2SO4 in strip phase and 12.4 × 10-4 mol/L D2EHPA (membrane) in 0.5 (m pore size polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. It has been observed that Cu(II) flux across the membrane tends to increase with the concentration of copper ions. Application of the method developed to copper plating bath rinse solutions has been found to be successful in the recovery of Cu(II). rane. It     

JYZ0315菌吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)Cd(Ⅱ)共存重金属离子

采用JYZ0315菌种进行水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)去除实验研究,结果表明:JYZ0315菌吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)效果显著。吸附C(rⅥ)的最佳条件是:pH 3、1h、10℃,菌体的吸附容量为8.51mg/g;吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件是:pH 5、30min、30℃,菌体的吸附容量为11.99mg/g。     

大分子络合超滤技术去除溶液中镍离子的研究

采用聚丙烯酸(PAA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)去除Ni2 ,首先将Ni2 离子络合在大分子上形成大分子络合物,进而通过超滤膜,将其截留在膜的一侧,从而达到分离镍离子的目的.研究表明,采用这两种聚合物进行络合超滤可以使镍离子去除率达到95%以上;当Ni2 与聚合物的反应时间为30 min时,镍离子(170 mg/L)与PAA(0.5 wt%)、CMC(0.5wt%)的适宜配比分别为1:2.5和1:1.在分离体系中加入Na 、Mg2 后,对镍离子的去除具有不利影响.此外,考察了用大分子络合超滤法处理含有镍离子的实际废水,结果在透过液中未检测出Ni2 .     

金属离子对有机垃圾两相厌氧系统中UASB处理效果的促进作用

在"水解溶出 UASB反应器"处理城镇有机垃圾的两相厌氧系统中,向UASB反应器进水中添加K、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni 5种金属离子的组合促进剂,通过对UASB反应器容积负荷、产气量、产甲烷量在添加组合促进剂前后的比较,研究了组合促进剂(K、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni)对有机垃圾浸出液厌氧消化过程的促进作用.试验结果表明,添加组合促进剂后,反应器的平均容积负荷从12.89 kg COD/m3·d提高到17.79 kg COD/m3·d;平均污泥负荷从0.82 kg COD/kg VSS·d提高到1.07 kg COD/kg VSS·d.此外,平均每千克COD产气量为392.5 L,比添加组合促进剂之前增大了6.4%;而平均每千克COD产甲烷量为297.5 L,比添加组合促进剂之前增大了10.5%.对于氨氮、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、pH及碱度来说,在添加组合促进剂之后则无大的变化.