鼎湖山20公顷森林样地单个物种对群落的构建

大型固定监测森林样地已成为研究森林群落组织机制的一个重要平台。群落里个体之间的相互作用对群落的构建有相当重要的作用。以往的研究主要针对于物种之间的相互作用,而用群落里单个物种与其它所有个体之间相互关系来解释群落构建的研究还很少。采用单个物种-面积关系(ISAR)这一指标对鼎湖山20 hm2样地和BCI 50 hm2样地数据分析,来研究不同样地单个物种是如何对森林群落进行构建的。结果显示,与BCI样地和Sinharaja样地不同,鼎湖山样地大树对周围其它个体的作用几乎是中性的;而对于小树(胸径小于10 cm)来说,鼎湖山样地和BCI样地一样,随着尺度的增加吸引型物种减少,而中性物种增加。说明了不同的群落在不同的发育阶段,单个物种对群落结构的构建有重要的作用不同,将来的研究应该结合群落其它方面的因素来分析群落内个体之间相互作用,例如从时间尺度的谱系和空间因素去分析。     

城市规划中的文化视野：以昆明市为例

城市文化生态建设不仅对城市环境保护起到重要作用，而且可以促进城市经济发在城市规划中应摈弃以环境代价换取经济效益的错误思潮蛤论，生态环境三者有机结合起来，实现城市优美人居环境和良好经济效益的双赢战略，走可持续发展之路。     

共生矿石生产电解镍/铜的生命周期评价研究

运用生命周期评价LCA（Life cycle assessment）方法，对用镍铜共生矿石生产电解镍和铜过程的环境协调性进行了研究，得到了镍、铜生产过程中各工序的环境负荷．提出了以冶金过程的反应热为依据对共生产品进行环境负荷分配的方法，并与按质量分配的方法进行比较．结果表明，镍的环境负荷明显大于铜的环境负荷，以反应热为依据分配冶金共生过程的环境负荷更具合理性．     

An individual-based analysis of the dynamics of two coexisting phytoplankton species in the mixed layer

In marine ecosystems ecological and environmental conditions continuously change, possibly supporting the wide range of phytoplankton species coexisting in aquatic environments. Phytoplankton communities are not homogeneously distributed in the water column due to the spatial and temporal variability of turbulent mixing and the concurrent biological response. In this paper an individual-based model (Lagrangian method) simulating the basic physiology of two coexisting phytoplankton species has been developed. The species, sharing the same availability of light and nutrient resource, are characterized by different photo-physiological parameters. The spatial and temporal evolution of turbulent mixing is simulated introducing vertical profiles of measured eddy diffusivity. Three case studies have been examined to analyze the role of environment–individual interactions in determining bloom conditions for both the selected species. The organisms experience recurrent fluctuations of light, temperature, and nutrient concentration gradients, due to the turbulent mixing in the water column, which have significant effects on the growth of the phytoplankton species. In all the numerical experiments, the temporal and spatial variability of different forcings do not support the prevalence of one species over the other over the time scale typical of a phytoplankton bloom.A well mixed water column favours the growth of both the populations while a variable mixing regime limits their growth reducing the photophysiological differences between the species.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics in variable population interactions with density-dependent interaction coefficients

In this article, I present a two-patch metapopulation model with locally explicit dynamics to study the effect of spatial heterogeneity and dispersal upon population interactions with variable or conditional outcomes. These are interactions that may be either detrimental or beneficial for each species depending on the balance of the density-dependent costs and benefits involved. The local dynamics respond to density-dependent α-interaction functions that may change sign, thus yielding a diversity of possible local outcomes for the association in terms of type of interaction and in the number of stable solutions. The spatiotemporal model predicts that the fragmentation of space and dispersal between patches may cause further variation in these outcomes. First, the demographic performance of a species in the association is enhanced if migrations cause a proportional increase of individuals of its own species; being so, a victim may become a mutualist or an exploiter, an excluded species may invade, and a good competitor may overcome its own carrying capacity: the ‘enhancement effect of dispersal’; a sort of rescue effect in source-sink dynamics. The underlying mechanisms involve an interplay between density-dependent effects of dispersal per se and the relative local and global average α-interaction functions, which involve costs and benefits at both the local and regional level that may either counteract or reinforce each other; thus, localities and/or populations may change dynamically their sink or source role in the spatial dynamics. A significant insight arises herewith: in the context of variable or conditional interactions the concept of the role of a species does not make strict sense; it becomes a spatiotemporal dynamic quality. Second, regardless of which species disperses, bifurcation of equilibria may occur in those patches that receive the migrating individuals, and annihilation of equilibria in those from where migration leaves; thus, the number of equilibria increases or decreases accordingly.     

溶液中多种金属离子共存对毛木耳生物吸附能力的影响

用毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)菌丝体的死细胞作为生物吸附剂吸附溶液中的Cd 2+、Cu 2+和Pb 2+.用原子吸收分光光度计测定吸附前后溶液金属离子的变化,研究了溶液中两种离子共存对毛木耳吸附能力的影响.结果表明:溶液中Pb2+的存在抑制了毛木耳对Cd2+的吸附,是负向干扰;Cd2+的存在促进了毛木耳对pb2+的吸附,是正向干扰;Cu2+的存在促进了毛木耳对pb2+的吸附,是正向干扰;Pb2+的存在抑制了毛木耳对Cu2+的吸附,是负向干扰;Cd2+对Cu2+的影响作用不如Cu2+对Cd2+的影响明显.实验结果为毛木耳作为重金属污染废水的处理材料提供理论依据.     

新时代美丽中国的建设思路与战略任务研究

党的二十大提出要建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化,美丽中国建设是社会主义现代化强国的重要目标之一,是中国式现代化的基本内涵和重要表征。面对新时代美丽中国建设整体部署还需进一步明确的现实需求,本文在总结美丽中国建设进展成效的基础上,分析识别推进美丽中国建设面临的主要问题与挑战,提出推进美丽中国建设的总体思路和目标路径,围绕绿色低碳发展、环境治理、生态保护、应对气候变化、生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化等美丽中国建设重点领域,提出推进加快发展方式绿色转型、推进国家重大战略绿色发展、推动环境污染防治、打造美丽宜居城乡、提升生态系统多样性、稳定性和持续性、推进碳达峰碳中和、构建生态环境风险防控体系、共建清洁美丽世界等8个方面美丽中国建设重点任务。     

Analysis of radiation hazards to personnel on marine platforms

The large number of radio frequency (RF) transmitters employed in modern marine platforms requires that they operate in mutual coexistence while posing no danger to operators and equipment despite the limited available physical space. A key to the successful system integration is the control of the electromagnetic environment on the ships’ topsides, which might pose radiation hazards (RADHAZ) to personnel (HERP). HERP are caused by transmitter antenna installations that generate intentional EM radiation in excess of the safe levels in zones of personnel activity. Radiation safety to personnel is achieved when the average radiation power density is below the permissible exposure limits (PEL) for HERP at locations of personnel activity and medical equipment operation. This paper describes the analysis tools and techniques for the evaluation of HERP on marine platforms. The same approaches could be employed in the analysis of land site antenna deployment scenarios.     

Do great tits rely on inadvertent social information from blue tits? A habitat selection experiment

Sympatric species sharing requirements are competitors, but recent evidence suggests that heterospecifics may also be used as a source of information. The heterospecific habitat copying hypothesis proposes that individuals of one species might use information inadvertently produced by the breeding performance of individuals of other species to assess habitat quality whenever the two species share needs. In this study, we provide the first experimental test of this hypothesis by examining whether the manipulated reproductive success of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) is used as heterospecific inadvertent social information (ISI) in breeding-habitat selection by sympatric great tits (Parus major). The reproductive success of blue tits was manipulated 1year at the scale of patches by transferring nestlings from decreased to increased patches. No evidence was found of great tits using the reproductive success of blue tits as a source of heterospecific ISI. However, dispersal decisions by adult great tits correlated with information on con- and heterospecific densities, which constitute other sources of ISI. As density and breeding performance are tightly intertwined forms of information, the difficulty in distinguishing between them might lead great tits to use heterospecific ISI more in the form of density than breeding performance when making dispersal decisions.     

磷酸盐共存对MOF-Fe吸附亚硒酸盐的影响

通过系列吸附实验,研究了磷酸盐(Pi)共存对MOF-Fe吸附亚硒酸盐(Se(Ⅳ))的影响.结果表明,不加Pi的吸附体系(Pi/Se=0)中,Langmuir和Freundlich模型对MOF-Fe等温吸附Se(Ⅳ)的数据的拟合度都较高;体系中加入与Se(Ⅳ)等物质的量浓度的Pi(Pi/Se=1)以后,等温吸附过程只适合用Freundlich模型拟合.与Pi/Se=0体系相比,Pi/Se=1体系中MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的最大吸附容量降低了68%,而吸附亲和力和吸附异质性却明显增强.Pi/Se=0和1的两种体系中,MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附平衡时间分别为160 min和40 min,二级动力学方程可很好地描述两种体系的动力学吸附过程,液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散是吸附反应的主要速率控制因子.两种体系中,MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的平衡吸附量均随着温度的升高而降低,吸附均属于自发放热且有序度降低的过程.与Pi/Se=0体系相比,Pi/Se=1体系中MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的平衡吸附量受温度影响更为明显,这说明升高温度增强了Pi对Se(Ⅳ)吸附在MOF-Fe上的竞争强度;Pi/Se=1体系中MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附自由能ΔG~θ略微增大,而焓变ΔH~θ和熵变ΔS~θ均明显减小,这说明Pi共存导致MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的化学吸附贡献增强.吸附体系pH从4.0升高至8.0时,Pi/Se=0和1体系中MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的平衡吸附量分别降低了7%和37%.当增大体系中Pi的浓度时,MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的平衡吸附量呈指数模型降低并稳定于最大吸附量的30%,这表明MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附中约70%的比例可归属为可逆吸附.可见,Pi/Se=1体系中MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附可分为可逆和不可逆吸附,其中,可逆吸附受Pi的竞争作用影响而明显降低,不可逆吸附则不受共存Pi的影响.