冷原子荧光法测定汞的实验条件的探讨

通过对冷原子荧光法测定水中汞的实验条件的探讨，指出水样在采集，保存，所用实验容器，实验试剂，实验预处理，仪器使用等方面应注意的问题，从而保证实验结果的准确性，可靠性。     

浅谈农村环境问题及对策

通过对农村环境问题的应运而生,并分析其成因,提出解决问题的方法与对策建议。     

Ecological correlates of duckling adoption among white-winged scoters Melanitta fusca: strategy, epiphenomenon, or combination?

Young waterfowl can frequently join foster females shortly after hatch, resulting in post-hatch brood amalgamation. Much uncertainty remains about physiological or ecological factors that motivate adoption including potential costs and benefits to fostered offspring as well as to females that either lose or accept young. Several hypotheses have been put forth to explain adoption. In this paper, we examine the salvage strategy (SSH) and accidental-mixing (AMH) hypotheses. According to the SSH, females abandon or lose their young due to substantial energetic constraints from incubation and brood rearing. The AMH posits that adoption results from local ecological conditions on breeding areas (i.e., adverse weather conditions, high brood densities) which act to separate offspring and mothers. We used multistate modeling to estimate relationships between probabilities of adoption by white-winged scoter (Melanitta fusca) ducklings from natal to foster females and a set of hypothesized ecological covariates. Results showed that most adoption occurred within 6 days of hatch; additionally, likelihood of adoption was positively related to inclement weather and negatively related to hatch date, size, and condition of natal females, and duckling condition. We conclude that adoption in this population is consistent with both the salvage strategy and accidental-mixing hypotheses. Ultimately, we suggest that adoption in our study population was foremost an outcome of intense gull predation but also of local environmental conditions.     

除尘风机工况调节的实践

对常用的几种风机工况点调节方法进行了概述,并结合自身的实践论述了它的优点和缺点。     

产表面活性剂解烃菌的筛选及其降解条件研究

以原油为唯一碳源和能源,从新疆克拉玛依油田土壤中筛选出1株能产生物表面活性剂的高效解烃菌XJBM,经形态观察、生理生化特征和Biolog分析,初步鉴定该菌为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Aeruginosa)。薄层色谱分析结果表明,XJBM产糖脂类生物表面活性剂,在最适发酵条件下,生物表面活性剂的产量可达2.25 g/L,可将发酵液表面张力从68.20 m N/m降低到32.50 m N/m,乳化指数(E24)达到81.8%。采用单因素试验对影响XJBM降解率的因素进行了研究,得出最适降解条件为p H 7.5,温度30℃,盐浓度5 g/L,接种量10%。在此条件下,菌株对1%石油烃的7d降解率为63.78%。     

强突松软近距离煤层群石门揭煤防突技术研究

为了研究强突松软近距离煤层群石门揭煤防突技术,安全、顺利地揭煤,基于海孜矿Ⅱ32主运石门地质条件和瓦斯赋存状况,对近距离煤层群9+8煤层实施密集预抽钻孔抽采瓦斯与低压水力冲孔卸压增透相结合的措施,防治煤与瓦斯突出。结果表明:低压水力冲孔冲煤率达到4.5%;冲孔后瓦斯抽采流量为未冲孔的10倍以上;整体瓦斯抽采率达到71.7%,比以前提高了约1.6倍,卸压增透效果明显。预抽钻孔抽采后,9煤、8煤的残余瓦斯压力,分别为0.3MPa、0.22MPa,残余瓦斯含量分别为5.23m3/t、5.13m3/t,防突效果显著,可安全、顺利地揭开9+8煤层。     

湖南省绥宁县黄桑坪自然保护区植物群落多样性分析

通过对湖南省绥宁县黄桑自然保护区的植物群落特征及物种多样性的分析,结果表明:1)可将黄桑自然保护区的滩地、撂荒地和山坡地划分为3种群落类型:鱼腥草-蕨群丛、早熟禾-井栏边草群丛和杉木+马尾松-三尖杉+水苏-莎草+地稔群丛;2)植物多样性指数的大小顺序为:Patrick丰富度指数(R)、Simpson指数(D)和ShannonWiener指数(H)的大小顺序为:山坡地(S,D,H)撂荒地(S,D,H)滩地(S,D,H),Pielou均匀度指数(E)的大小顺序为:潍地(E)撂荒地(E)山坡地(E);3)3种样地之间的物种Czekanowski相似性系数(CC)较低,在0.0001~0.356 8之间,样地内的物种相似性指数(CC)沿滩地→撂荒地→山坡地的顺序递减;(4)相关分析表明:S、D、H之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),E与S、D、H呈显著负相关(P0.05).生境条件差异是物种多样性差异形成的直接原因.表3,参16.     

Rethinking the study of human–wildlife coexistence

Although coexistence with wildlife is a key goal of conservation, little is known about it or how to study it. By coexistence we mean a sustainable though dynamic state in which humans and wildlife coadapt to sharing landscapes, where human interactions with wildlife are effectively governed to ensure wildlife populations persist in socially legitimate ways that ensure tolerable risk levels. Problems that arise from current conflict-oriented framing of human–wildlife interactions include reinforcing a human–nature dichotomy as fundamentally oppositional, suggesting coexistence requires the absence of conflict, and skewing research and management toward direct negative impacts over indirect impacts and positive aspects of living with wildlife. Human behavior toward wildlife is framed as rational calculus of costs and benefits, sidelining emotional and cultural dimensions of these interactions. Coexistence is less studied due to unfamiliarity with relevant methodologies, including qualitative methods, self-reflexivity and ethical rigor, and constraints on funding and time. These challenges are illustrated with examples from fieldwork in India and Africa. We recommend a basic approach to case studies aimed at expanding the scope of inquiries into human–wildlife relations beyond studies of rational behavior and quantification of costs and benefits of wildlife to humans.     

高效絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养条件

从活性污泥中分离出36株菌株,培养、筛选得到具有絮凝活性的菌株9株,其中有一株絮凝活性较高,命名为B-8,同时考察了培养时间、温度、pH和碳源对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,培养时间72h,最佳温度为37℃,pH为7.0,葡萄糖为最佳碳源时,该微生物所产生的絮凝剂的絮凝效果最好,絮凝率可达95.75%。     

城市停车场火灾风险性的评价

城市大型停车场的数量随着经济的发展在迅速增长,这些新建的停车场均向高层和地下空间发展,其投资费用都较大,一旦发生火灾,往往会造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡事故,国内外停车场发生的一系列火灾事故充分证明了这一点.因此,对停车场进行火灾风险评价具有十分重要的意义.分析了停车场火灾的特点,并从停车场的火灾场景、发生轰燃的烟气条件、释放辐射热的大小、对面汽车被引燃的临界条件等几方面对停车场潜在的火灾风险性进行了探讨.以某地下停车场为例,对其火灾风险性进行了具体评价.