冷原子荧光法测定地面水和土壤中的痕量总汞

本文推导了汞元素冷原子荧光测试的理论公式,着重研究了载气种类;载气流速;工作电压;水蒸气;介质酸度;还原剂用量等１０项因素对测定结果准确度的影响,确定了最佳实验条件,提出了地面水和土壤中痕量总汞的测试方法。同时分析了汞元素冷原子荧光法的系统误差和消除或减少系统误差的方法。     

氯代有机污染物在厌氧条件下还原脱氯的研究进展

对氯代有机污染物在产甲烷和硫酸盐还原条件下还原脱氯的研究成果进行了综述 ,并介绍了国内外加速厌氧条件下还原脱氯的方法与成果以及缓释氢物质 (hydrogenreleasecompounds ,HRC)的工作原理与工程应用。此外 ,作者还对厌氧还原脱氯的机理和未来的研究方向进行了讨论和展望     

污泥焚烧细颗粒物中重金属赋存形态的研究

以沈阳市某污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,采用小型流化床对污泥进行焚烧,利用布袋和荷电低压颗粒物撞击器（ELPI+）对细颗粒物进行收集,研究焚烧温度、污泥粒径、CaO的添加量对重金属赋存特性和细颗粒物微观形貌的影响,利用热力学软件FactSage7.2研究焚烧过程中重金属化学形态的变化.结果表明,随着焚烧温度的升高,残渣态变化最为明显,Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn 5种重金属的残渣态增幅均在15%以上,其中重金属Cd的变化最为明显,残渣态增幅高达29%.随着污泥粒径的增大,矿物质和焦炭颗粒的破碎程度减小,最终以矿物质和焦炭破碎为来源的一些粒径较大的细颗粒物数量增加.此外,总体上重金属的赋存形态随着粒径的增加向着稳定的趋势发展.在焚烧过程中CaO是可以作为颗粒之间良好的粘合剂,促进细颗粒物之间的成长和团聚.随着CaO的添加,细颗粒物聚并成了一个更大的球状颗粒整体.     

The condition of coral reefs in South Florida (2000) using coral disease and bleaching as indicators

The destruction of coral reef habitats has occurred at unprecedented levels during the last three decades. Coral disease and bleaching in the Caribbean and South Florida have caused extensive coral mortality with limited recovery, often coral reefs are being replaced with turf algae. Acroporids were once dominant corals and have diminished to the state where they are being considered as endangered species. Our survey assessed the condition of reef corals throughout South Florida. A probability-based design produced unbiased estimates of the spatial extent of ecological condition, measured as the absence or presence and frequency or prevalence of coral diseases and bleaching intensity over large geographic regions. This approach allowed us to calculate a quantifiable level of uncertainty. Coral condition was estimated for 4100 hectares (ha) (or 41.0 km²) of coral reefs in South Florida, including reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), New Grounds, Dry Tortugas National Park (DTNP), and Biscayne National Park (BNP). The absence or presence of coral disease, causal coral bleaching, partial bleaching and coral paling were not good indicators of overall coral condition. It was more useful to report the prevalence of anomalies that indicated a compromised condition at both the population and community levels. For example, 79% of the area in South Florida had less than 6% of the coral colonies diseased, whereas only 2.2% (97.15 ha) of the sampled area had a maximum prevalence of 13% diseased coral colonies at any single location. The usefulness of causal bleaching might be more important when considering the prevalence of each of the three different states at a single location. For example, paling was observed over the entire area, whereas bleaching and partial bleaching occurred at 19 and 41% of the area, respectively. An index for coral reef condition might integrate the prevalence and species affected by each bleaching state at individual locations. By establishing these baselines, future surveys can examine changes and trends in the spatial distribution of coral conditions in South Florida and able to score the reefs as to their health status.     

竖向断裂缝对场地地震动的影响分析

断裂缝在工程场地十分常见,研究其对场地地震动的影响很有必要.基于应用局部人工边界条件模拟辐射阻尼影响的二维显式有限元方法,分别对垂直入射和斜入射地震波情形下具有不同深度的竖向断裂缝场地地震动进行了数值模拟,并与地表水平的均匀半空间场地地震动进行了对比,结果表明,断裂缝对其附近场地地震动的影响显著,但随着离开裂缝的距离变大,其影响迅速减小.     

西南水电资源开发及其经济发展

大西南地区是我国水能资源的主要蕴藏地区(约占全国的70%),但开发率相对较低.在介绍西南地区丰富的水电资源及其开发现状的基础上,分析了加快西南水电开发的可能条件和重要意义,最后针对开发中存在的主要问题,根据市场经济原则和具体情况提出了对策和建议.     

冶金厂矿废水泵联运增效改造

冶金厂矿输送废水的离心水泵常会在低效区工作。选择一台合适的小离心泵与主泵联运，使主泵工况点移到高效区，增效明显。介绍废水泵联运增效原理方法和实例。     

海洋冰情预测的径向基函数网络模型

为了提高非线性时序预测模型的精度,利用自相关技术分析了海洋冰情时序的延迟特性,据此确定了RBF网络的输入、输出向量,给出了MATLAB环境下海洋冰情预测的高精度径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的结构、设计、仿真函数和图形结果的输出方法,建立了海洋冰情预测的高精度RBF网络模型.使用27年的海洋冰情实测资料进行了网络的训练和检验,并将之用于预测,各训练样本的误差为0.0,预测值的精度高于门限自回归模型预测的精度.实例分析表明,所构建的RBF网络模型能充分利用预报因子的信息和神经网络方法的非线性映射能力,模型稳定性好,精度高,可广泛应用于各种自然灾害的非线性时序动态预测.     

西部地区第三产业发展透视

我国实施西部大开发关键的一环就是产业结构调整，而第三产业具有发展潜力大、经济地位日趋重要的特点，是经济发展和实现西部产业结构合理化的突破口。文章在剖析西部地区第三产业发展现状并简要说明原因的基础上，提出应从改善西部第三产业的硬件和软件环境入手，合理调整内部结构，加强对劳动者的职业培训，因地制宜地发展西部第三产业的四点建议。     

家具油漆的涂饰环境与安全操作

因油漆属易燃易爆物品 ,在涂饰作业中有较多的危险危害因素。本文从防火、防毒两个方面对涂饰施工提出了注意事项 ,并对涂饰作业环境提出了具体要求。