地表水中丁基黄原酸的保存条件研究

通过对不同基质地表水样中丁基黄原酸在p H值、温度、光照、保存时间等条件下进行保存研究,确定对其保存效果的影响为:保存时间保存温度样品中丁基黄原酸浓度光照强度p H值。建议地表水样品使用棕色玻璃瓶盛装,于4℃下避光保存原水。高浓度样品,保存时间不超过5 d;低浓度样品,保存时间不超过1 d,最好采样后立即分析。     

基于Bayesian网络的建筑火灾疏散条件安全性评估方法*

为了对建筑火灾疏散条件安全性进行评估,基于Bayesian网络对疏散条件重要构成要素及评估方法逻辑推理过程进行研究探讨。结果表明:评估网络结构、根节点、中间节点及目标节点之间存在因果关联关系;研究得出根节点先验概率与量化节点条件概率表设定方法;Bayesian网络将风险评估与人工智能分析方法相结合,实现对建筑火灾疏散条件的安全性评估,并可用于识别高风险建筑。     

气候试验箱内部条件不确定度计算(上)

提供了对温度和湿度气候试验箱内部环境条件进行不确定度分析的方法。首先介绍了测量的不确定度概念,然后讨论容差的意义。考虑到湿度和温度测量是采用确定和合成不确定度。结合校准空载试验箱和有负载试验箱的条件测量的案例。最后,逐条整理成为范本用于分析结果以给出规范的不确定度评估依据。     

利用超声波辅助提取苦杏仁精油的工艺研究

在超声波作用下,通过使用不同溶剂,研究了苦杏仁中精油的提取方法。结果表明,超声处理有利于提高苦杏仁精油的提取率。通过正交实验确定影响其收率的因素,从大到小依次为料液比、提取温度和提取时间,确定最优工艺为:乙酸乙酯和四氢呋喃的混合溶剂(1∶1,V/V)为提取剂,料液比1∶20,提取温度20°C,提取时间30min,此条件下提取率为16.20%。本研究结果为纯天然苦杏仁精油的提取工艺提供了技术参数。     

一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选鉴定和培养条件优化

从土壤中筛选到一株高效絮凝剂产生菌,经生理生化实验鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,X14被鉴定为地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。经培养条件优化,其最佳的培养条件为:淀粉10 g/L,氯化铵0.51 g/L,3 g/L K2HPO4和1 g/L KHPO,初始pH值为8,接种量采用1%,摇床转速采用140~160 r/min的变速控制,37℃培养48 h。     

多源信息融合的埋地管道健康评价方法

埋地管道长期受多种复杂因素作用而出现腐蚀、裂纹等多种损伤,很难由管道内检测数据以解析模型描述和评价管道健康状况问题,笔者提出了一种基于Vague集的多源信息多级融合方法,充分利用层次间信息特征的冗余性和互补性进行管道健康状况评价。建立了多信息源多级融合模型,定义了基于Vague集的多源信息数学描述,给出了该方法的数据组织形式和算法实现过程,并将其应用于埋地供水管道健康评价体系,验证了该方法的有效性、合理性。     

对加筋土结构在某边坡工程中应用的评价

结合工程地质勘查结果,对某电厂工程原来的加筋土结构设计方案进行了评价。通过分析,认为原设计没有考虑到地表含砾粉质粘土层的影响,不仅地基承载力不够,而且整个加筋土结构从深部滑出的安全性也未能满足工程要求,说明原设计方案需要进行修改,以保证工程的安全性。在评价的过程中,提出了一些在加筋土结构设计中需要注意的问题,强调了了解和掌握场地的工程地质条件对于设计的重要性,这些都为加筋土结构在工程中的应用提供了参考。     

特殊工况下船舶生活污水处理的试验研究

采用厌氧复合床反应器与接触氧化、接触沉淀相结合的工艺,针对实船条件下可能出现的重启动、倾斜、海水及淡水海水交替冲洗厕所和水力负荷增加等情况,进行了特殊工况下船舶生活污水处理的试验研究.结果表明,该组合工艺在设计条件下(HRT为5 h)重启动速度较快,可用于海水冲厕所产生的高盐度污水处理,耐受淡水海水交替变化的盐度冲击负荷变化能力较强,具有一定的水力负荷增加潜力,并且不受倾斜影响.     

Assessment of Changes in Stream and Riparian Conditions of the Marys River Basin,Nevada1

Abstract: Stream and riparian managers must effectively allocate limited financial and personnel resources to monitor and manage riparian ecosystems. They need to use management strategies and monitoring methods that are compatible with their objectives and the response potential of each stream reach. Our objective is to help others set realistic management objectives by comparing results from different methods used to document riparian recovery across a diversity of stream types. The Bureau of Land Management Elko Field Office, Nevada, used stream survey, riparian proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment, repeat photographic analysis, and stream and ecological classification to study 10 streams within the Marys River watershed of northeast Nevada during all or parts of 20 years. Most riparian areas improved significantly from 1979 to 1992‐1993 and then additionally by 1997‐2000. Improvements were observed in riparian and habitat condition indices, bank cover, and stability, pool quality, bank angle, and depth of undercut bank. Interpretation of repeat photography generally confirmed results from stream survey and should be part of long‐term riparian monitoring. More attributes of Rosgen stream types C and E improved than of types B and F. A and Gc streams did not show significant improvement. Alluvial draws and alluvial valleys improved in more ways than V‐erosional canyons and especially V‐depositional canyons. Stream survey data could not be substituted for riparian PFC assessment. Riparian PFC assessments help interpret other data.     

Experimental investigation on convection heat transfer characteristics of flat plate under environmental wind condition

By establishing wind tunnel and employing electrical heating method, the heat transfer characteristics of flat plate were investigated under environmental wind condition. Both the uniform and linear heat flux boundary conditions were adopted for comparison purpose. Besides, the impacts of heat flux q_wm, tilt angle α and wind incidence angle θ on heat transfer were explored in cases of windward and leeward facing positions. The local convection heat transfer coefficient h_cx and average convection Nusselt number Nu_cm were obtained. The results show that, when α is small, there are two maximum values of h_cx under linear heat flux boundary condition. As for Nu_cm, differences between the two boundary conditions seem indistinctive. At windward orientation, Nu_cm is not sensitive to α. While for leeward orientation, Nu_cm has a rapid decline progress with the increasing α, which indicates the tilt angle α is an important parameter to affect the heat transfer of plate. Finally, new correlations of Nu_cm have been developed, which were proven effective in engineering applications.