酿酒酵母提取物对废天然橡胶再生的研究

酿酒酵母R1在5L发酵罐中培养36h时,胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)总量达304mg/L。将酵母菌充分裂解,提取物与废天然橡胶共反应。通过单因素对比实验,确定最适宜的反应条件如下:温度50℃,时间4h,100g胶粉,溶剂用量1.85mol,相转移催化剂用量2.75×10-2mol,酵母菌用量相当于GSH1.0g。处理后最高溶胀度为4.37,是原来的1.49倍。     

鹤岗市城市污水处理发展现状及对策探讨

从鹤岗市城市污水处理现状出发,依据中国城市污水处理发展目标,结合鹤岗市实际情况,对城市生活污水受到严重污染所带来的问题与危害和鹤岗市污水处理事业发展现状及面临的问题和障碍,进行了分析和论述,提出水污染防治及污水处理工程的必要性,并在此基础上对建设中小型污水处理设施的必要性和紧迫性进行探讨,以此加快城市化进程的全面发展.     

贵州省河流污染特征及影响因素分析

本文根据2000~2007年的水质监测资料,9296个监测数据,对贵州省水质状况及变化趋势进行了分析。分析结果显示:全省地表水水体总体以Ⅰ~Ⅲ水质为主,污染较重的河流集中在乌江水系和南盘江水系;污染严重的断面均集中在经济发达的城市下游河段;超标断面以劣于V类为主,氨氮为主要超标项目;重金属总镉和总铅超标断面少,均大多为劣于V类;生活污水已成为贵州省最大的水环境污染源;文章还对入库河流污染防治提出了合理化建议。     

基于荧光传感器Frex的特性检测水质环境中生物毒性物质

发光菌作为水环境生物毒性监控的有效手段,近年来越来越得到重视.本实验利用基因工程技术,将Frex荧光蛋白重组到大肠杆菌中,并通过测定菌体内NADH水平所引起的荧光强度变化,来监测水体中有毒物质对微生物代谢的影响,从而实现实时毒性监控.实验完成了Frex荧光蛋白在大肠杆菌中的正确表达,研究了培养温度、诱导时间及IPTG浓度等不同条件对Frex融合蛋白表达量和荧光活性的影响.将此重组荧光发光菌初步应用于环境水体中有毒物质的检测研究,选取氯化汞、苯酚、重铬酸钾、硫酸锌等4种国际荧光发光菌生物毒性检测标准物质进行检测,结果表明毒性物质均能对菌体的荧光产生一定的催灭作用.该毒物测试手段分别具有反应速度快和灵敏度高等特性.同时,实验优化了该重组菌应用于生物毒性检测试验的条件,为后续的应用研究提供了一定的实验基础,拓展了荧光发光菌在其他方面的适用范围.     

Carotenoid-based bill and eye ring coloration as honest signals of condition: an experimental test in the red-legged partridge (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Alectoris rufa</Emphasis>)

Carotenoid pigments cannot be synthesized by vertebrates but must be ingested through the diet. As they seem to be a limited resource, carotenoid-based ornaments are particularly interesting as possible honest signals of individual quality, in particular of foraging efficiency and nutritional status. Some studies have demonstrated the condition dependence of carotenoid-based plumage in birds. However, many other carotenoid-pigmented bare parts (i.e. skin, caruncles, bills, cere, and tarsi) are present in birds but, in comparison with plumage, little is known about these traits as indicators of individual quality. Here, we show that the eye ring pigmentation and bill redness of the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) are positively associated to body condition and recent changes in body mass. Also, we found a negative relationship between these two traits and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, an indicator of physiological stress (the relationship with bill redness being significant only for males). In an experiment, we found that after a period of reduction in food intake (with the consequent loss of body mass), food-restricted birds showed lower eye ring pigmentation than ad-libitum-fed birds. Therefore, different ornaments seem to reflect changes in body condition but at different speeds or intensities (eye ring, a fleshy ornament, appears to respond more rapidly to changes in the nutritional status than a keratinized structure as the bill). These results indicate that carotenoid-based ornaments are condition-dependent traits in the red-legged partridge, being therefore susceptible to be employed as honest signals of quality in sexual selection.     

低强度超声对醌介导偶氮染料脱色的影响

厌氧条件下,微生物的代谢速率很缓慢。而低强度超声辐照则可以有效促进微生物的活性,进而增强生化反应速率。基于此,文章采用低强度超声预处理耐盐醌还原菌群,研究在富盐环境下其对醌介导偶氮染料的厌氧生物脱色速率的影响。研究结果表明,低强度超声(辐射频率40 kHz)处理耐盐醌还原菌群的最佳条件为超声强度0.15 W/cm2,超声时间3 min。在50 g/L NaCl存在条件下,处理后的耐盐醌还原菌群能够使蒽醌-2-磺酸钠、蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸钠、2-羟基-1,4-萘醌和2-甲基-1,4-萘醌介导的偶氮染料酸性大红3R脱色速率分别提高8.8%,23.0%,4.2%及20.4%。通过透射电镜分析推测,低强度超声可能是通过增大生物细胞壁的比表面积来提高其传质能力,从而提高醌介导的偶氮染料脱色速率。     

近30年中国农业源氮磷排放的格局特征与水环境影响

揭示农业源氮磷排放的空间格局、变化特征及其与水环境状况的关系,对于农业面源污染治理投入的合理配置以及区域农业生产结构优化均至关重要。基于这种认识,建立参数化估算模型测算了1990—2017年中国省域尺度的农业源氮磷排放;从总排放量、单位面积排放量和排放重心迁移三个方面研究农业源氮磷排放的变化特征,并通过相关分析与回归分析揭示农业源氮磷排放与水环境状况的关系。研究发现：1990—2017年中国农业源氮磷排放整体上呈随机分布,表明氮磷排放在省际之间并无显著的相互依赖性,主要受省内因素影响。研究期内年均氮磷总排放量最高的省份依次是河南、山东、四川、湖北、河北、安徽和江苏省,格局特征相对稳定但排放重心经历了东西向的往复式转移并具有北偏西方向的总体转移趋势,其中,氮、磷排放的重心分别向北偏西33.52°和15.45°方向转移了33.94 km及52.31 km。在格局研究基础上,结合空间维的格局特征和时间维的变化特征,将31个省份的氮磷排放划分为高排放增长型、高排放平稳型、高排放倒“U”型、中排放增长型、中排放倒“U”型、低排放增长型、低排放倒“U”型和低排放近似“U”型八类,并利用2017年的自动监测站水质数据进一步验证了氮磷排放与水环境状况的关系。研究结果可作为农业面源污染治理中重点区域瞄准的依据。     

成都市O3浓度的时间变化特征及相关因子分析

为深入认知成都市O_3浓度的时间变化规律及其影响因子,基于2013年1月1日—12月31日市区站点O_3、NO、NO_2、NO_x的逐时监测资料以及成都市气象站的气象数据逐时观测资料,据此对O3的季变化、日变化、"周末效应"、"节假日效应"进行了讨论,并对其浓度影响因子进行分析。结果表明:成都市O_3浓度季变化呈现明显夏高冬低的特征,浓度最大值出现在8月。O_3浓度日变化为单峰型,夏季峰值出现在15:00,冬季峰值出现在16:00。市区存在"周末效应",即周末O_3浓度总体比工作日高;"节假日效应"则表现出复杂多变性,受气象条件以及人为活动等多种随机因素的影响。O_3日平均浓度与NO、NO_2、NO_x、相对湿度呈明显负相关,与温度、风速呈明显正相关。     

Assessment of Benthic Infaunal Condition on the Mainland Shelf of Southern California

Benthic infauna were sampled from 251 Southern California Bight (SCB) mainland shelf sites in the summer of 1994. Sample sites were selected using a stratified random design, with the primary strata being depth zone, geography, and proximity to point and non-point discharges. Benthic infaunal condition was assessed using the Benthic Response Index (BRI), and by comparing dominant taxa and community parameters (e.g., number of taxa) among strata. Ninety-one percent of sediments in the SCB were found to contain healthy benthic communities. Most stations with altered benthos were located near river mouths, in Santa Monica Bay, or on the Palos Verdes Shelf. Deviations at sites with altered benthic communities were mostly limited to minor changes in species composition, rather than to large declines in diversity or abundance.     

乌鲁木齐市机动车排污检测/维修体系探讨

机动车排污检测/维修体系的改进和提高，实施检测/维修制度是在用车辆排污治理最有效、最合理、最经济的办法。本文就如何确定适合本地的检测标准、改进检测方法、提高维修技术及完善管理体系等有关方面作初步探讨。