载钴活性焦对As(V)的吸附性能与去除效果

使用沉淀负载法制备了载钴活性焦,并研究了溶液pH值、反应时间、As(V)初始浓度以及共存阴离子等对载钴活性焦吸附去除水环境中As(V)的影响。结果表明,(1)载钴后活性焦的比表面积和孔容积分别提高了20.87%和43.47%;(2)载钴活性焦对As(V)最佳吸附pH值为4.0,当As(V)的初始浓度为10 mg/L时,As(V)去除率可达97%;(3)吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(k2=0.66,R2=0.96),吸附等温线为Freundlich型(kF=8.227,1/n=0.396,R2=0.97);(4)稳定性实验验证了载钴活性焦的稳定性,钴不易脱附,最大脱附率仅为0.145%。     

应用生物强化技术处理焦化废水难降解有机物

通过驯化富集培养,从处理 经废水的活性污泥中分离出2株萘降解菌WN1、WN2和1株吡啶降解菌WB1,研究了投加高效菌种及微生物共代谢对 经废水生物处理的增强作用,同时研究了高效菌种和共代谢初级基质组合协同作用的效果。结果表明,投加共代谢初级基质、Fe^3 和高效菌种均能促进难降解有机物的降解,提高焦化废水COD去除率,当3者协同作用时,效果最好。     

The use of petroleum coke as fuel in a 10 kWth chemical-looping combustor

Tests were made in a 10 kW_th chemical-looping combustor with a petroleum coke as the solid fuel and the oxygen carrier ilmenite, an iron titanium oxide. The fuel reactor is fluidized by steam and the oxygen carrier reacts with the volatiles released as well as the gasification intermediates CO and H₂. A constant fuel flow corresponding to a thermal power of 5.8 kW was introduced into the fuel reactor and a total of 11 h of operation was reached. The effects of particle circulation and carbon stripper operation on solid fuel conversion, conversion of gas from the fuel reactor and CO₂ capture were investigated. The actual CO₂ capture ranged between 60% and 75% while the solid fuel conversion was in the range of 66–78%. The low values of solid fuel conversion reflect loss of char due to low efficiency of the fuel reactor cyclone. The incomplete conversion of the gas from the fuel reactor is expressed as oxygen demand. The oxygen demand corresponds to the fraction of oxygen lacking to achieve full gas conversion and was typically 25%, due to presence of CH₄, CO and H₂ from the fuel reactor. Typical ratios of CH₄, CO and H₂ over the total gaseous carbon from the fuel reactor are respectively 5, 10 and 25%. Low loss of non-combustible fines from the system indicates very low attrition of the oxygen carrier.     

半饱和褐煤活性焦预吸附—4级固定化生物滤池降解—褐煤活性焦吸附组合工艺处理超稠油废水

采用半饱和褐煤活性焦(HSLAC)预吸附—4级固定化生物滤池(I-BFs)降解—褐煤活性焦(LAC)吸附组合工艺处理超稠油废水。实验结果表明:组合工艺能达到出水COD≤50 mg/L的排放标准;4级I-BFs可完全去除有机酸、酯、呋喃类有机物,部分去除酚类物质,不能去除酰胺类物质,可将大分子有机物降解为小分子烷烃;I-BFs对疏水性有机碳和中性有机物有较高的去除率和去除量,较难去除腐殖质和腐殖质降解产物;4级I-BFs反应器内优势菌为类杆菌(Bacteroides sp.)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)、异养反硝化菌(Thermomonassp.)、鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae sp.)、鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas sp.)和根瘤菌(Rhizobium sp.)。     

焦粉活性炭的制备及其应用

用废弃焦粉制备焦粉活性炭，通过正交实验考察了各种因素对焦粉活性炭性能的影响。实验结果表明：在活化时间80min、活化温度900℃、碱炭比（氢氧化钾与废弃焦粉的质量比）4、废弃焦粉粒径小于0．05mm的最佳条件下，制备的焦粉活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值为304．8mg／g，产率为35．6％；废弃焦粉的活化是活化剂刻蚀其颗粒形成丰富孔结构的氧化还原反应过程；用最佳条件下制备的焦粉活性炭处理质量浓度为60mg／t．的模拟含Cr^6＋废水，在废水pH为3—4、焦粉活性炭加入量为4g/L、吸附时间为50min的条件下，Cr^6＋去除率达93．2％。     

机械炼焦过程生成飞灰中多环芳烃分布特征研究

为了明确炼焦过程生成飞灰中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征,采集3个不同类型焦化厂飞灰样品,利用GC-MS对其中16种EPA优控PAHs进行了定量分析,并研究了不同飞灰中PAHs的分布特征及潜在毒性特征.结果表明,炼焦飞灰中PAHs总量在8.17×102～5.17×103μg·g-1之间.炭化室高3.2 m捣固焦炉生成飞灰中PAHs含量是炭化室高6 m顶装焦炉的2倍,且同一个焦化厂装煤过程生成飞灰中PAHs含量明显高于推焦过程.炼焦飞灰中PAHs以4环和5环为主,二者之和平均占PAHs总量的80.00%以上,且以、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[b]荧蒽含量最高.飞灰中PAHs的苯并[a]芘毒性当量(BaPeq)浓度范围在1.64×102～9.57×102μg·g-1.从致癌性角度而言,除苯并[a]芘外,二苯并[a,h]蒽对PAHs总体毒性贡献值最大,占毒性总量的15.32%,其次为苯并[a]蒽和苯并[b]荧蒽.装煤过程BaPeq毒性当量浓度为出焦过程的5.21倍,在对炼焦装煤和出焦过程形成的飞灰再利用时应根据其各自的PAHs毒性特征考虑不同的利用方式.     

热浮力罩焦侧除尘系统剖析与改造应用

对热浮力罩焦侧除尘系统进行了介绍并对存在的问题进行分析,通过改造实践表明,改造后的焦侧除尘工艺取得了明显的社会效益,经济效益和环境效益,为国内同类企业的焦炉推焦除尘系统改造积累了较好的理论依据和工程实践经验。     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

金属氧化物组合改性活性焦脱硝性能的研究

采用浸渍法改性活性焦,实验分析了不同氧化物组合对活性焦改性后的脱硝性能影响。在实验中,用于改性的氧化物分三组:CuO和Fe2O3,CuO和CeO2,CuO和Cr2O3。结果表明:金属氧化物组合改性活性焦的脱硝性能明显高于单一氧化物改性活性焦。在150℃反应温度下,CuO和Fe2O3组合改性活性焦脱硝率为96%。     

Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.