Changes in the central and peripheral circulatory system in response to the cold: own studies using impedance plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound

The aim of the study was to determine the cardiovascular response to continuous (4 °C for 60 min) and intermittent (10 min at 4?°C and 10 min at room temperature alternately) exposure to the cold in 30 healthy young men. The subjects were equipped with a set of identical clothing (insulation 2.1 clo) and during the stay in the chamber and outside performed the same activities, i.e., walking on a treadmill at a speed of 0.5?km/h. The tests included assessing the central circulatory system using the Holter system and assessing the peripheral circulatory system using impedance plethysmography and Doppler ultrasound. The analysis of the parameters that describe the central and peripheral circulation poses a difficulty in determining which variant of exposure constitutes a greater load on the circulatory system. It should be noted that even the conditions used in the study may cause adverse effects in the cardiovascular system.     

典型废矿物油中苯系物的污染特性及其再生利用中的迁移转化

分别对6种不同的废矿物油、废矿物油再生中的原料油、半成品油、成品油和废弃物中的苯系物(全称苯及衍生物,简称BTEX)污染特征进行了系统分析.结果表明,6种不同的废矿物油中,苯系物总含量大小为:废机油(3569.8 mg·kg~(-1))废淬火油(531.9 mg·kg~(-1))废铸造用油(314.8 mg·kg~(-1))废防锈油(96.5 mg·kg~(-1))废液压油(42.3 mg·kg~(-1))废润滑油(11.7 mg·kg~(-1)),这与苯系物的来源及油品的工作环境有关.再生利用过程中的原料及产品中,苯系物总含量大小为:半成品油(5516.2 mg·kg~(-1))成品油(2692.5 mg·kg~(-1))原料油(756.3mg·kg~(-1)),这与原料油催化裂解过程中新的苯系物的生成,以及半成品油吸附精制过程中部分苯系物被吸附有关.再生过程中产生的废弃物中,苯系物总含量大小为:酸渣(1368.9 mg·kg~(-1))废白土(382.1 mg·kg~(-1))沉淀油渣(145.3 mg·kg~(-1))废吸附沙(121.0 mg·kg~(-1))裂解残渣(25.7 mg·kg~(-1)),这与废矿物油再生处理工艺和方法有关.     

Detectability of phenoxy herbicides by chlorophyll fluorescence

Abstract

Trace amounts of 2,4‐D ‐ which does not cause visible damage in plant ‐ are detectable in plant leaves by chlorophyll fluorescence regeneration in two ways. (I) In illuminated leaves the level of first and second fluorescence peak differ in treated and untreated leaves. (2) By taking buffer solution (pH=8.6) in dark‐adapted leaves under vacuum, the first, second and the other fluorescence decrease levels differ in untreated and 2,4‐D or MCPA treated leaves.     

The performance of solar powered desiccant dehumidifier in India: an experimental investigation

The regeneration and adsorption of desiccant wheel for producing the dry air was experimentally investigated. The air needed for regeneration was heated in an evacuated tube solar collector with surface area 4.44 m². The desiccant wheel is regenerated at the temperature in the range of 43.9–72.6°C. The regeneration and adsorption performances are affected by the regeneration temperature, wheel rotation, air flow rate (process and regeneration) and ambient conditions. By comparing the adsorption and regeneration performance at different air flow rate and constant rph, it was found that maximum adsorption and regeneration rates are obtained at air flow rate of 210.789 kg/h. Regeneration temperature directly affects the effectiveness of the desiccant wheel. Maximum desiccant wheel effectiveness of regeneration sector and adsorption sector is obtained at air flow rate of 105.394 kg/h. The regeneration performance of desiccant wheel with evacuated tube solar air collector is suitable for the Indian climate.     

Computer Usage With Cold Hands; An Experiment With Pointing Devices

Computers are used in the outdoors and in connection with cold store work. Cold hand and fingers limit data input, as studied here. Six input devices; trackballs, pens, and a mouse were tested by 19 participants in a Fitts’ target acquisition task with 2 target sizes under 2 experimental conditions; warm and cold right hand. Measures were acquisition times, number of errors, participant’s preferences, and observed handling of the devices. Effects of device, target size, and cold were significant. Learning and attempts to improve handgrip were confirmed. Large enough targets, a thick pen, and a mouse make computer work practicable in the cold. Direct visual feedback, as with pen on template with target images, shortened acquisition times by half a second.     

Prediction of Duration Limited Exposure for Participants Wearing Chemical Protective Clothing in the Cold

The suitability of the IREQ (insulation required) index for predicting the thermal responses of 6 participants wearing chemical protective clothing was tested during exercise at -20 and -25 °C. IREQ was used to calculate duration limited exposure (DLE). Measured DLE correlated (r= .899, p < .001) with the predicted DLE. In exposures exceeding 40 min, however, the predicted DLE tended to be 10-20 min too short compared to the measured one. During short exposures the prediction was 5-20 min too long. The results show that IREQ overestimated the cold strain in participants wearing chemical protective clothing during cold exposures longer than 40 min. Nevertheless, predicted DLE never exceeded measured times and thus the prediction was always safe from the occupational point of view.     

冷冲击条件下饱水煤样结构损伤规律研究*

为探究煤体在冷冲击影响下强度损伤特征及细观结构演化规律,通过自制低温冲击系统,利用声发射、金相显微镜宏观与细观手段结合的方法,基于ImageJ图像分析软件分别对干燥煤样、饱水煤样冷冲击前后细观结构演化进行量化表征,并通过测试渗透率验证煤体结构变化带来的增透效果,研究结果表明:在煤体中超声波波速随冷冲击温度降低而下降;相同时间内,冷冲击温度越低,声发射振铃计数表现越活跃,煤体释放能量愈大,致裂效果越显著;经冷冲击后的饱水煤样相对于干燥煤样会产生更多的斜向新生裂隙,新萌生裂隙与原生裂隙交汇贯通形成絮状网格,其渗透效果显著提升;随冲击温度的降低,抗压强度、弹性模量均增大。研究结果可为低温改善煤层透气性,增产煤层气及矿井瓦斯灾害防治技术提供理论依据。     

吸附邻氯酚的超高交联树脂微波辅助再生研究

以NDA-150超高交联树脂为吸附剂,邻氯酚为吸附质,氢氧化钠稀溶液为脱附剂,采用微波间歇辐照的方法,对吸附氯酚树脂的再生过程进行了研究.系统分析了微波功率、辐照时间、碱液浓度对脱附效果的影响,并确定了最佳脱附条件.结果表明,微波辐照再生速度非常快.与传统热脱附不同,微波再生过程中脱附效率并不随碱浓度的增加而升高,微波辐照功率和辐照时间对脱附效果影响明显.树脂经多批次微波辐照,吸附性能和化学结构保持稳定.     

Effect of Climatic Changes on the Formation of Siberian Spruce Generations in Subglotsy Tree Stands of the Southern Urals

The correlation between climatic changes and the numbers of trees in the generations of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) in subgoltsy tree stands of the Southern Urals was analyzed over the past 200 years. The results showed that the most abundant generations appeared in 1809–1816, 1821–1827, 1839–1845, 1850–1867, 1875–1887, 1891–1896, 1900–1904, 1911–1918, 1923–1932, 1944–1952, 1958–1966, and 1975–1995. Their formation proved to be related to the improvement of thermal conditions of the warm season during the five to seven years before and after the emergence of trees and conditions of the cold season in the year of their emergence, as well as to the periods of increased snow depth in late April in the years 27–32 of tree growth.