天然沸石对土壤及养分有效性的影响

综述了沸石的理化性质。沸石具有独特格架状结构;土壤施用沸石后,可以提高土壤保肥能力,活化土壤中难溶性磷,改良土壤结构。沸石有较强的交换吸附能力;沸石与肥料混合使用,能提高肥料利用率。     

良性发展论:可持续发展超越与丰富探析之二——良性发展目标的辨析及图解

本文在“良性发展论 :可持续发展超越与丰富”一文基础上 ,对良性发展的五大战略目标的指代及相互关系进行了讨论 ,并对其一一作了图解分析。     

快速城市化地区土地利用效益评价--以南京市江宁区为例

作为衡量土地利用可持续性的重要标度,土地利用效益评价是近年来国内外城市土地研究的热点之一。从社会、经济、生态与环境等四方面建立了快速城市化地区土地利用效益评价的指标体系,利用层次分析法确定各指标权重,构建各效益子系统的协调度评价模型。并对南京市江宁区2003年的土地利用效益进行了综合评价,结果表明,全区总体土地利用效益适中且基本协调,但各乡镇间土地利用效益及其协调性的区域差异显著。依据各乡镇土地利用总效益及其协调度的聚类分级,可将全区划分为土地利用高效协调区、高效基本协调区、高效不协调区、中效协调区、中效基本协调区、中效不协调区与低效基本协调区等七大土地利用效益类型区,并分析了其区域差异的空间特征。     

我国开发区土地资源配置效率的区域差异研究

应用比较优势理论，以国家级53个经济技术开发区为例。研究了不同区域间开发区土地利用的比较优势。结果表明。按照区域土地利用的比较优势来配置土地资源能够提高土地利用的总福利水平。整体上．中西部国家级开发区的比较优势高于东部地区：而区域内部东部地区的京津苏沪及中西部地区的中心城市在开发区建设用地的利用上具有比较优势。因此，按照开发区土地利用的比较优势度计算结果，在排除开发区自身发育不完善和管理层面因素后，对于确实不适宜进行开发区工业建设的应进行空间布局的调整，恢复其农业生产；而对于比较优势度较高的地区可根据实际需要增设相应的开发区。以实现耕地保护与开发区建设的双赢。     

消防水幕衰减火灾热辐射的实验研究

通过全尺寸消防水幕衰减火灾热辐射实验,分析了火灾空间烟气温度的分布,探讨了喷头流量和压力、设置高度、喷头类型和布置方式对水幕衰减辐射热能力的影响,获得了不同工况下消防水幕的隔热效率.在此基础上,结合消防水幕的工程设计参数,揭示了消防水幕在不同的设置条件下隔热效率的变化规律.研究结果对于优化消防水幕设计提高隔热效率具有理论和实践上的指导意义.     

Analysis of bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different sludge properties and treatment performance by nested PCR-DGGE method

The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of nested polymerase chain reaction （nested PCR） amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

Effect of Sb dopant amount on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively.     

铁阳极电凝聚法处理活性红241染料废水能耗分析

对铁阳极电凝聚处理活性红241染料废水过程影响电能消耗的影响因素进行了考察.结果表明:电流密度、染料废水初始pH、染料废水温度、电解质浓度以及染料浓度的变化均能对能耗和脱色效率产生较大影响;电流效率受电流密度、染料废水初始pH、电解质浓度的影响较大,受染料废水温度和初始浓度影响不大;对于浓度为50 mg/L的活性红241染料废水,在电流强度为12.5 A/m2、电解温度为25 ℃、硫酸钠浓度为0.01 mol/L、pH为7.53、电解时间为60 min的实验条件下,染料废水脱色率达92.7%,电能消耗为1.53kWh/kg dye,电流效率为94.2%.     

颗粒层过滤技术国内外研究现状及进展

主要对颗粒层过滤除尘的过滤机理以及国内外移动床颗粒过滤器的高温除尘技术情况进行了综述,介绍了颗粒层过滤效率和系统压力降的计算方法,并对今后颗粒层过滤技术的发展提出了一些建议.