集体林权改革评价:林产品生产绩效视角

新一轮的集体林权改革已经开展了6年,对这一轮改革及时进行评价,不但对于认识改革的效果有积极的作用,而且对于有效地推进改革也是必不可少的.本文通过分成地租模型预测,集体林权改革对林产品生产效率会产生正向的影响,这些正向的影响主要包括林户劳动积极性的提高和林产晶产量的增加,同时也可能会对林产品全要素生产率产生积极影响.利用此次林权改革的主要省份之一--福建2县11乡(镇)29村320林户调查数据,本文的研究结论证实了前者,林户劳动投入由改革前146.53工日增加到改革后的180.76工日,增长了23%;竹产品的产量也由改革前的1 312.33 kg增长到改革后的1 815.09kg,增加了38%.另外,基于肯德里克方法,本文计算了集体林权改革前后林产品全要素生产率,对比二者发现,改革对林产品全要素生产率并没有产生正向的影响,相反而是负向的影响.据此本文提出,下一步的林业改革在做好相关配套改革的基础上,还要注重提高林产晶全要素生产率.     

大学英语教学改革—突出情景教学

传统的大学英语教学模式以教师课堂分析和语言讲解为重点，学生进行的实践太少。教学内容难以靠近语意和语境，学生很难做到学以致用。相反，情景教学能极大地激发学生的学习兴趣，积极引导学生参与语言练习。在情景教学中，教师通过创设情景、带入情境、运用情境、情景反思四步骤带领学生完成课堂任务，达到语言学习的目的。     

论提高健康投资效率的最优选择

我国目前正处在健康体制改革的关键时期．把有限的健康资金用于初级健康保障领域，还是继续投入到大病统筹医疗保险．将决定未来我国健康体制的投资绩效。在现行健康保障制度下．我国公共卫生支出规模小、投入结构不合理加重了城乡居民的健康负担；医疗服务可及性低、公平性差导致居民健康产出水平低、医疗服务满意度差。并造成巨大的人力资本损耗和经济损失。在我国现有财力水平下．作为卫生领域的主要参与主体，政府应该逐步提高公共卫生支出规模、改变现有卫生筹资模式．将公共健康资金更多的投入于具有广覆盖、低投入、高产出的初级健康服务领域。这是实现健康公平性、减轻民众健康负担和提高健康投资效率、提高民众健康产出的有效途径。     

秘书实务课程中的实训教学改革与研究

秘书实务是文秘专业的核心专业课程,实训教学改革是秘书实务课程改革的关键和重心.本文将秘书实务课程中实训课的学时和内容进行调整,分为秘书基础技能训练、核心技能训练、综合技能训练和社会实践四个方面进行训练,同时以情景模拟演示的方式组织实训,并通过基础技能和核心技能相结合、课堂教师评价和实训基地指导老师评价相结合的方式进行考核,真正提高和强化了学生的职业技能.     

收益视角下我国产业环境压力与经济效益分析

在实现经济效益的同时，兼顾可持续发展已成为推进产业新常态发展的必然选择.本文首先采用多区域投入产出的戈什模型，从行业层面核算了我国各产业2009年的收益侧完全碳排放系数和感应力系数，然后根据2个系数的大小将34个产业部门划分为4大类.实证结果表明：第Ⅰ类行业对经济的推动能力较好，同时对环境产生的负面影响较大.第Ⅱ类行业需要促进行业内整合，提高行业的能源利用率.第Ⅲ类行业属于福利性产业，应当予以保护和支持.Ⅳ类行业具有较高的感应力系数和较低的完全收益侧碳排放系数，兼具行业友好和经济效益，满足当前供给侧结构性改革的内在要求，需要鼓励和发展.     

新标准下燃煤电厂环保设施改造技术方案分析

新火电厂大气污染排放标准执行在即,为了保证现役机组稳定达标排放,煤电机组的环保设施需要进行技术改造,满足新标准的综合改造是一个系统工程,涉及电网安全、机组安全、场地条件、资源条件、技术条件、经济条件等因素,改造前应详细论证,综合各方面因素确定。原脱硫、除尘、脱硝设施运行优化调整后仍不能达到标准要求的,则需采进行局部或全面改造。脱硫设施的改造重点应在吸收系统,主要方法有原塔提效、单塔双循环、双塔双循环;除尘设施的改造重点应在提高原电除尘比收尘面积、改为布袋/电袋复合除尘或增设二级烟气净化设施;脱硝设施的改造重点应在优化流场氨氮混合均匀度、提高催化剂反应活性、增加催化剂的耐磨性。     

The production of uneven access to land and water in peri-urban spaces: de facto privatisation in greater Accra

ABSTRACT

Peri-urban spaces are frontiers of privatisation where inequalities in access to land and water evolve. In this article, we analyse a particular mode of land and water privatisation in peri-urban spaces of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), Ghana. We illustrate that in the domain of land, traditional authorities tend to act as private owners rather than custodians of customary land, while in the domain of water, multiple private water providers have emerged next to the official water utility. A combined reading and analysis of these processes as forms of de facto privatisation contributes to understanding the similarities in the control over and access to land and water in peri-urban spaces. We show that in the de facto privatised control context of the peri-urban GAMA, access gained to land and water has to be actively maintained. Both gaining and maintaining access exhibit socio-economic inequalities and this is particularly so in the case of maintaining access. The article is a call for a better connection between land and water studies in order to deepen understanding of the processes at play in peri-urban spaces.     

Rendering reform: local authority planners and perceptions of public participation in Great Britain

Public participation in planning is frequently linked to ideas of environmental justice and sustainability; yet, despite the voluminous literature on the topic, the reaction of frontline planning professionals to the broadly pro-participation agendas of central and devolved government in Great Britain has not been sufficiently examined. This is important because of their role in implementing such agendas, and the space for frontline professionals to shape the contours of reform. Drawing on extensive empirical material, I explore the reaction of local authority planners to participation policies, finding divided opinion as to whether more participation is needed to improve planning, but a strong framing of participation as something requiring careful management. I conclude that planners are broadly supportive of participation so long as they are in control, which can be understood through an institutionalist perspective that suggests there will be a similar reaction to further, ongoing, efforts to make planning more participatory.     

我国排污收费制度及其价格体系的改革

目前,我国现行的单因子超标排污收费制度及其价格体系已不能适应现有的体制变化和日益发展的环境管理需要。本文阐述了尽快建立一个与当今市场机制相适应的、适合我国总量控制要求的多因子收费制度的重要性、迫切性与可行性,实现污染者直接承担其污染行为的全部责任;提出了制定动态、有效的收费价格体系的改革原则、构想与方法。     

Access rights for outdoor recreation in New Zealand: some lessons for open country in England and Wales

Access opportunities for outdoor recreation in New Zealand and England and Wales are classified according to their conformity with collective, citizenship or exclusion rights and their degrees of permanence. Alternative criteria for the apportionment of access rights are considered in the context of this classification. Different criteria for rights apportionment are found to be appropriate according to different circumstances in the context of pluralist provision. Policy developments in New Zealand are compared with those in England. After 150 years of a dominance of collective rights in New Zealand current policy is shifting provision towards exclusionary rights. In England, there is a policy shift in the other direction, towards collective rights. Lessons for the development of collective rights in England are drawn from the New Zealand experience in relation to styles of governance, public preferences, public cost, insurance liability and the potential of markets.