农业产业走向市场的成功之路—镇江产加销一条龙,贸工农一体化经营的调查

镇江市不断深化农业经营机制改革，大力发展产加销一条龙，贸工农一体化经营，把一家一户农民家庭小生产同国内外大市场有机联系起来，提高了农民的组织程度和专业化生产水平，协调了一二三产业间经济利益，建立了新的经济关系的优质，高产，高效，高创汇的市场产农业及新型组织管理体系，加快了农业生产社会化，产业化，市场化，现代化进程，使农业产业走向市场迈出了可喜的一步。     

加强省级环境监测站建设与改革的思考

本文阐述了省级环境监测中心站在整个国家环境监测网络中的重要地位和作用。回顾了我省环境监测中心站这些年来的工作，当前存在的困难和问题，以及如何对我省环境监测中心站进行体制改革的思考。     

INSTITUTIONALIZED INEFFICIENCY: THE UNFORTUNATE STRUCTURE OF COLORADO'S WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: This analysis identifies two basic structural features of Colorado's water management system which inhibit constructive reform and perpetuate inefficiencies in water use and distribution patterns. These features are: (1) the fragmentation of authority and influence over water, and (2) the estrangement of interest in reform from formal control over water policy. These interrelated features have continued to produce: sporadic, high conflict battles over proposed changes in the status quo; decision making which tends to exaggerate the importance of narrow, special interests while virtually ignoring legitimate interests of major sectors of the public; an inertia which discourages innovation; and an agglomeration of rules and water rights that are predicated on obsolete social and economic needs. Two radical proposals for reforming the state's water resource management system in order to overcome these problems and to enhance the probability that wise water policy will result are offered. These proposals are: (1) the abolition of the present system of water rights founded on the doctrine of prior appropriation, and (2) the consolidation of authority over water allocation in a single board of governors.     

FEDERAL SUBSIDY OF IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: The Congress of the United States has been concerned about public lands from the earliest days of this republic. The importance of irrigation on these public lands was explicitly noted with enactment of the Carey Act of 1884. This was reinforced with the passage in 1902 of “An Act appropriating the receipts from the sale and disposal of public lands in certain states and territories to the construction of irrigation works for the reclamation of arid lands.” This Act further specified that land so irrigated would be entered under the provisions of the Homestead Laws and developed in units of not less than 40 nor more than 160 acres. The enforcement of the 160 acre limitation has been reinforced by several recent lawsuits. These have reaffirmed the provisions of the Reclamation Law requiring owners receiving water from Federal projects to sell land in excess of 160 acres. While there have been Federal subsidies involved in the development of irrigation in the western states, the total amount of the subsidies are insignificant compared to the total Federal budget and the size of subsidies under other Federal programs. Thus, the real question in enforcing the 160 acre limitation may well be one of land reform rather than the distribution of Federal subsidies.     

喀什地区农村改水后饮水状况研究

喀会地区农村改水后，水质仍较差，饮用符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级水及饮用水不合格水的人数的百分比分别是５．４％、９．９％、２６．０％和５４．１％。     

增强环保科技创新能力支撑环境管理决策:需求·挑战·对策

新时代我国环境保护形势面临着深刻变化,满足人民群众日益增长的对优质生态产品需求成为环保工作的主要矛盾.为落实党的十九大关于生态文明建设和环境保护的要求,牢固把握"环保科技的人民性",在对未来环境形势和环保科技创新需求分析判断的基础上,紧密围绕绿色发展和环境质量改善的目标,提出了加强环保科技创新发展的4个重点任务:面向国民经济绿色发展主战场,全面提升环保科技供给能力和水平;加强环境科学基础研究,引领环境质量改善;研发关键技术,突破环境治理技术瓶颈;加大生态系统保护力度,推进人与自然和谐共生.同时,提出了完善环保科技创新体制机制的5点建议:实施平台化、国际化、产业化、规范化、信息化管理,助推现代环境科研院所制度建设;加快环保科技创新体系建设,完善和补强科技创新链条;完善管理决策支撑机制,解决科研与管理脱节的问题;统筹全国环境科研力量,创新重大科研项目组织模式;加强人才队伍建设,充分调动人才创新活力,为环保科技创新提供政策和制度保障.      

Nikinake: the mobilization of labour and skill development in rural Ethiopia

A public mobilization approach known as nikinake drives implementation and technology upscaling in Ethiopia's agricultural extension. This study investigates and describes the processes and effectiveness of nikinake as an extension method used for natural resource management (NRM). The paper draws on empirical field research conducted in Oromia and the southern region of Ethiopia by looking at nikinake in the context of a watershed management campaign in 2015 and 2016. Nikinake is used as an approach to mobilize the public and to promote the skills of farmers and development actors. In principle, the implementation of NRM is voluntary; however, it is largely planned top‐down and enforced through state actors and informal institutions. This study suggests effective integration of social mobilization with reliable extension and a paradigm shift in emphasis from spatial coverage to an effective outcome. Additionally, sustainability and scalability of NRM interventions could be ameliorated by improving experts’ technical skills, raising farmers’ awareness, improving an incentive system, building trust, and better integrating past watershed management and future planning activities. We reflect on the significance of the nikinake experience in Ethiopia for a broader theory of extension‐as‐mobilization for rural development. From the Ethiopian case, a more general recommendation emerges for extension‐as‐mobilization schemes. For long‐term development, it is worthwhile to consider the fit between yearly campaigns as ad hoc project organizations and the existing pattern of actors and institutions responsible for rural development.     

Managing invasive plants in a rural-amenity landscape: the role of social capital and Landcare

Rural-amenity migration is changing the social and ecological compositions of landscapes globally. The in-migration of new landholders is contributing to significant biophysical changes to rural landscapes, as well as the weakening of collective awareness, knowledge and skills needed to manage natural resources. This is leading to the proliferation of environmental harm. This paper focuses on invasive plants as one such harm, detailing how collective action is developed and challenged in a rural landscape undergoing increasing property turnover and diversifying management priorities. Focusing on the role of a Landcare group, located in southern New South Wales, Australia, I explore how social capital – with a particular focus on trust and social norms – is mobilised to recruit newly arrived residents and maintain commitment among landholders to manage invasive plants. This research provides insights into how policy can better steer management interventions, particularly how to develop and maintain collective action in diversifying rural landscapes.     

浅谈校友会工作在我院"迎评促建"中的作用

高校迎评促建工作很重要,需要各部门、各方面共同努力.校友会工作在迎评促建中可以提高学校社会认知度,总结办学特色,推进教学改革与优化专业设置,营造校园文化,拓宽毕业生就业渠道等各方面的作用.因此,我们在迎评促建中要重视校友会的工作,并充分发挥其作用.     

推行资源税改革正逢其时

当前,中国资源税率过低,税收范围狭窄,难以有效调节资源级差收入,导致市场价格的扭曲,资源税改革势在必行。资源税改革涉及多方博弈,因为资源从“无价”到“有价”,从近乎免费使用到有偿使用,这一变动过程将牵动资源环境与社会经济所构成的复杂巨系统调整。为了资源税改革能够选择切实可行的方案,达到预期的目标,我们需要对资源税改革面临的问题以及当前的改革机遇进行系统的分析。中国经济在持续了5年的“繁荣期”之后进入“调整期”,将有助于减少资源税改革推进中的诸多障碍。