都市生态农地空间分布特征、类型及保护模式研究——以广州市为例

为应对快速城市化带来的生态保护压力,有必要界定“都市生态农地”概念。都市生态农地是指在都市系统中由农用地构成的生态性空间,一般仅限于都市区内,以较大规模和连片的空间形态融入都市功能组团。论文根据城市空间重构过程,推演出两个假设：1）都市生态农地存在圈层分布模式;2）都市生态农地生态价值与农地丰度、区位表征的供需关系相关。以广州的镇街为空间单元进行实证,结果表明：1）从区位上看,广州都市生态农地基本可分为核心圈层、过渡圈层和外围圈层,验证了假设;2）基于区位和丰度差异,将都市生态农地分为三大类12级,为制定保护政策提供分类指导;3）农地生态功能是公共产品,但在政府与市场双失效下产生了租值消散。论文在总结核心圈层的国有化模式、外围圈层的区域协调模式后,建议在过渡圈层通过设立农地发展权进行保护。     

在教育改革中推进素质教育

大力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化素质,提高知识创新和技术创新能力,是全面推进我国现代化事业的必然选择,也是中华民族自立于民族之林的根本。     

企业金融化与绿色转型研究：机制识别与政策优化

实体企业金融化往往会对其经营管理决策产生重大影响。本文基于实体上市企业年报和财务数据（2007—2020年）,构建其绿色转型指标,进而从理论和实证两个方面确证了金融化对绿色转型的影响与机制问题。实证结果表明,企业金融化会对其绿色转型产生显著的负面冲击,其中短期金融化行为的影响更为明显;特别地,这一冲击对重污染企业、战略性新兴企业绿色转型的影响更为显著。通过机制识别,研究发现上述冲击影响主要通过恶化财务状况、提升企业风险并降低企业预期等渠道导致企业绿色转型水平下降。进一步地,通过政策优化（如金融综合改革试验区制度）支持,上述负面效应将被显著削弱,这也说明金融体制机制的优化是降低企业金融化负面效应,提升其转型升级动力和意愿的重要路径。     

Perceived Collective Efficacy and Trust in Government Influence Public Engagement with Climate Change-Related Water Conservation Policies

Water insecurity, induced or intensified due to climate change, has emerged as a key policy challenge in poor and developing countries such as India. Drawing on social cognitive theory, this paper examines the role of perceived collective efficacy—people's shared beliefs about their group's capabilities to accomplish collective tasks—and trust in government as factors influencing Indians' engagement with government water conservation policies. Using a national survey of Indians (N = 4031), we found that individuals with high levels of perceived collective efficacy and trust in government are more likely to support government water conservation policies. Moreover, for individuals with low trust in government, higher collective efficacy is associated with greater policy support. Perceived collective efficacy is also associated with activist behaviours, while distrust is not. Increasing collective efficacy beliefs, for example through mass media channels and targeted campaigns, could help increase citizens' engagement with climate change adaptation policies.     

What room for politics and change in global climate governance? Addressing gender in co-benefits and safeguards

Questions of equity, gender, power and rights are central to environmental justice in climate mitigation schemes such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions From Deforestation and Degradation). Drawing on the ideas of co-benefits and safeguards, the strategies for challenging mainstream discourse on gender in REDD+ – from the outside and within – are examined of two organisations that have attempted to bring a political concept – gender – into the largely technical discourse of climate policy. The analysis points to the risks of co-option that women’s organisations face, trying to challenge and change the mainstream discourse on gender in climate policy-making. The need for diverse and flexible strategies for resistance and influence in order to seize opportunities that may arise in countering the depoliticising force of global climate governance are highlighted.     

基于集体行动逻辑的京津冀雾霾合作治理演化博弈分析

当前京津冀地区在雾霾问题上面临环境外部性困扰和集体行动困境,其根源在于地方政府作为雾霾合作治理集体成员的收益是不对称的,而割裂集体行动中收益与损失之间的联系是一种纠正环境外部性市场失灵的政府失灵。奥尔森集体行动的逻辑在京津冀三地政府执行雾霾合作治理规制行为上表现为私人理性与集体理性的动态重复博弈。针对京津冀地区大气污染联防联控执行状况,基于集体行动的逻辑视角,借助演化经济学研究工具,构建京津冀三地政府在雾霾合作治理执行策略的猎鹿模型、拓展模型的演化、随机和动态的博弈过程,探究地方政府执行雾霾合作治理集体行动的行为特征及其影响因素。根据复制动态方程探讨博弈主体行为演化特征和演化稳定策略,采用数值仿真方法分析不同情形下系统演化轨迹及演化均衡状态,考察随机因素对系统演化均衡状态的影响以及实现区域环境合作联盟的动态演化均衡机制。研究发现,京津冀三地政府在雾霾合作治理执行过程中的动态演化,很大程度上取决于本地区在区域整体中的环境偏好系数和搭便车收益与集体行动收益的比值。因此,中央政府要健全跨区域环境治理的制度建设,为京津冀地区建立一致的区域环境质量标准,有效降低地方政府在合作治理雾霾集体行动中的搭便车收益,以立法的形式对约束地方政府承担环境治理责任的强制和选择性激励措施加以确定。此外,将雾霾造成的经济损失作为重要指标纳入地方官员政绩考核体系,加强对地方政府雾霾治理执行情况的监管力度,实现合作治理雾霾集体行动责任落实的帕累托改进。     

The impact of the Gulf crisis on Qatar's humanitarian sector

The 2017 Gulf crisis is one of the most challenging episodes faced by Qatar since its independence in 1971, with major economic, social, and political impacts on the Arab Gulf nation. Its economic prognosis has been brought into doubt, the map of regional alliances has been redrawn, and any prospects of deeper regional integration have been dashed. This paper analyses the little-documented impact of the crisis on Qatar's humanitarian sector, which has unfolded as the small, gas-rich emirate has striven to become a major humanitarian donor. It concludes that while there have been disruptions to humanitarian operations and regional coordination, the Gulf crisis has triggered and in some cases accelerated already intended reforms across the Qatari humanitarian sector. In the long term, the reorganisation and adaptation implemented to weather the storm of the crisis may help Qatar to emerge from the crisis with a more sustainable and resilient humanitarian sector.     

A framework for reforming India's forest biodiversity management regime

India's forest biodiversity management regime is analysed at the policy, legal and institutional levels, from the perspective of the triple objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the principles of the Indian constitution. The forest biodiversity management regime has both structural and functional flaws that render it largely incapable of facing the challenge of increasing biodiversity degradation and deepening poverty among the Adivasis and other forest‐dependent communities. The paper argues for the reform of the forest biodiversity management regime and offers recommendations in regard to most aspects of the regime, with a view of putting the country's conservation enterprise on a course that is effective, sustainable and inclusive, rejecting the report of the High Power Committee (HPC) (also known as the Subramanian Committee), which is premised on easing corporate access to forests.     

基于林农参与式森林经营培训的影响评价——以福建山连村为例

森林参与式经营在林农林业生产中起着重要的作用。针对当前公众参与政策制定不足的现状,通过对案例点开展参与式森林经营管理培训实践的分析,认识到森林参与式培训对林农经营森林资源的意义和作用,了解并发现林农对现行森林资源管理政策的需求以及当前政策中存在的问题。研究表明,森林参与式培训效果作用明显,资源管理政策缺乏有效的公众参与,导致政策设定有失合理。提出对策建议,以期对参与式森林经营管理培训的推广提供一定的实践意义。     

高职《给水工程》教学新设想

通过介绍《给水工程》课程的性质和作用,分析目前《给水工程》课程教学中存在的主要问题,对课程今后的教学思路提出了新设想,主要包括：依托学科建设优势,引入科学研究新成果,构架全新课程内容体系;尝试采取＂课堂＋网络辅助＂教学模式;采用多媒体教学和传统讲授相结合的理论教学手段和课堂演示与工程现场结合、教师演示与学生动手结合、经典演示与现代高科技结合、传统演示与多媒体结合的实践教学手段;采用变一考为多考和加重平时成绩的课程考核方式等。