中国资源税改革的政策研究

中国矿产资源税费制度是改革开放后在矿产资源开发利用时,相关经济主体利益分化且相互间进行利益博弈的过程中发展演变而成的,资源税是以资源为对象课征的税种.随着自然资源消耗日益严重,资源税日益成为一个非常重要的税种.本文在对资源税改革的相关文献进行总结的基础上,回顾了我国资源管理的历史沿革,分析了资源税调整的国际经验,同时以煤炭市场为例,应用带有异方差调整的最小二乘法回归的计量经济模型,并分析了我国资源税调整对资源价格的影响;并在此基础上针对我国目前资源税费普遍较低,导致资源市场价格偏低,不利于资源的有效保护和合理利用的现实情况,对资源税税率及征收进行了设计:即根据矿产资源在企业销售收入中的贡献率和矿产资源的性质不同分别按照从价计征、从量计征或特殊计征三种方式进行计征;最后从资源税的征收范围、方式、生态补偿机制、环保退税机制以及加强资源的利用效率等方面提出了我国资源税改革的政策建议.     

环境监测体制改革的探讨

文章阐述了我国环境监测体制改革的背景及现实意义,研究探讨了环境监测体制改革的基本思路及实施步骤.     

林业企业产权问题的探讨

本文针对目前多数林业企业缺乏市场活力、生产经营不景气这一现状,从改革途径、产权重组和产权交易方式三个方面,阐述了林业企业所有制改革的思路和看法,认为只有用价值规律这一杠杆来调节林业经济活动,才能实现林业企业资源的合理配置,促使林业生产力的不断提高。     

“消防给水排水”课程教学方法改革与实践

针对国家和社会对高素质专业化消防工程技术人才的迫切需求以及“消防给水排水”课程教学策略和方法中存在的主要问题,笔者结合自身的教学经验,分析了“消防给水排水”课程教学改革的重要意义,提出了该课程教学改革的具体思路和实施方案,在实际教学过程中取得了非常好的效果。     

Hunting for common ground between wildlife governance and commons scholarship

Wildlife hunting is essential to livelihoods and food security in many parts of the world, yet present rates of extraction may threaten ecosystems and human communities. Thus, governing sustainable wildlife use is a major social dilemma and conservation challenge. Commons scholarship is well positioned to contribute theoretical insights and analytic tools to better understand the interface of social and ecological dimensions of wildlife governance, yet the intersection of wildlife studies and commons scholarship is not well studied. We reviewed existing wildlife-hunting scholarship, drawing on a database of 1,410 references, to examine the current overlap with commons scholarship through multiple methods, including social network analysis and deductive coding. We found that a very small proportion of wildlife scholarship incorporated commons theories and frameworks. The social network of wildlife scholarship was densely interconnected with several major publication clusters, whereas the wildlife commons scholarship was sparse and isolated. Despite the overarching gap between wildlife and commons scholarship, a few scholars are studying wildlife commons. The small body of scholarship that bridges these disconnected literatures provides valuable insights into the understudied relational dimensions of wildlife and other overlapping common-pool resources. We suggest increased engagement among wildlife and commons scholars and practitioners to improve the state of knowledge and practice of wildlife governance across regions, particularly for bushmeat hunting in the tropics, which is presently understudied through a common-pool resource lens. Our case study of the Republic of Congo showed how the historical context and interrelationships between hunting and forest rights are essential to understanding the current state of wildlife governance and potential for future interventions. A better understanding of the interconnections between wildlife and overlapping common-pool resource systems may be key to understanding present wildlife governance challenges and advancing the common-pool resource research agenda.     

Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar

Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.     

基于管理体制优化视角的环境管理战略转型研究

伴随着生态环境问题日益突出,人们对于经济与环境协调发展的诉求越来越强烈。在新的形势下,积极推动环境管理战略转型,构建符合中国区域经济发展特征的环境管理模式已成为当务之急。论文将从中国现行的环境管理体制入手,在分析中国环境管理现状及问题的基础上,提出环境管理战略转型对环境管理体制改革的诉求,最后从体制优化的角度阐述推进环境管理战略转型的环境管理体制改革的政策建议。     

自然地理与资源环境专业《环境科学概论》课程教学改革与实践研究

《环境科学概论》作为自然地理与资源环境专业的一门专业基础课,具有明显的导引课程特点,知识覆盖面广,涉及学科领域多,教学难度大,对于培养学生的专业精神,培养学生的环境意识和科学素养,激发学生的专业兴趣均有重要的地位.结合西安科技大学自然地理与资源环境专业课程定位与目标、教学内容革新和教学方法革新等方面,针对《环境科学概论》的课程教学改革进行了探讨,提出了培养技术型和创新型的复合型人才培养目标模式与定位.     

一个县级防震减灾机构管理的改革与创新

笔者从澜沧县地震局管理工作实际出发,阐述了通过改革创新,强化科学管理,在较短时间内改变了防震减灾工作长期落后的局面.揭示了"管理出效益"的基本事实.     

高温油泵机械密封故障分析及改造

对GA123A泵的高温波纹管式机械密封的失效原因进行了分析。证实热油泵的密封故障是由于波纹管内侧水垢和积碳引起。针对现场实际，从安全、环保的角度对机械密封的机构和辅助系统进行了改进。