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181.
农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇/水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性,有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇/水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关;正辛醇/水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。 相似文献
182.
Why do blue-eyed men prefer women with the same eye color? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The human eye color blue reflects a simple, predictable, and reliable genetic mechanism of inheritance. Blue-eyed individuals represent a unique condition, as in their case there is always direct concordance between the genotype and phenotype. On the other hand, heterozygous brown-eyed individuals carry an allele that is not concordant with the observed eye color. Hence, eye color can provide a highly visible and salient cue to the child’s heredity. If men choose women with characteristics that promote the assurance of paternity, then blue-eyed men should prefer and feel more attracted towards women with blue eyes. To test these predictions, close-up photos of young women and adult men with either blue or brown eyes were rated for their attractiveness by young women and men observers with either blue or brown eyes (N=88). The eye color in the photographs of each model was manipulated so that a same face would be shown with either the natural eye color (e.g., blue) or with the other color (e.g., brown). Both blue-eyed and brown-eyed female participants showed no difference in their attractiveness ratings for male models of either eye color. Similarly, brown-eyed men showed no preference for either blue-eyed or brown-eyed female models. However, blue-eyed men rated as more attractive the blue-eyed women than the brown-eyed ones. We interpret the latter preference in terms of specific mate selective choice of blue-eyed men, reflecting strategies for reducing paternity uncertainty. In a second study, a group of young adults (N=443) of both sexes and different eye colors (blue, brown, and green) were asked to report the eye and hair color of their romantic partners. Their responses indicated the presence of assortative mating by eye color as well as, to a less degree, for hair color. Most importantly, blue-eyed male respondents were the group with the largest proportion of partners of same eye color. These findings 1) indicate that blue-eyed men do prefer women with the same eye color and 2) specifically suggest the presence of a male adaptation for the detection of extra-pair paternity based on eye color, as a phenotypically based assurance of paternity (i.e., when the father’s and offspring’s phenotypes match) as well as a defense against cuckoldry (i.e., when the phenotypes do not match).Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accesseble for authorized users. 相似文献
183.
184.
Adsorption of hydrophobic contaminants at the particle/water interface is one of the key processes controlling their fate in the aquatic environment. The sorption of the natural female hormones oestrone and 17-oestradiol has been studied under simulated riverine conditions. Both the kinetics and the effects of varying fundamental environmental parameters (e.g. sediment properties) on the thermodynamic equilibrium partition coefficient (K
p) have been studied in continuous and batch sorption experiments, respectively. Results showed that the sorption of oestrone and 17-oestradiol by sediment was relatively slow, reaching equilibrium in 50 days. In addition, relatively small adsorption of both oestrone and 17-oestradiol onto the sediment was observed, with K
p values between 200 and 250 mL g–1. The comparable K
p values of the two compounds reflect their structural similarity. It can be concluded that the two endocrine disruptors, oestrone and 17-oestradiol remain primarily in association with the aqueous phase. 相似文献
185.
186.
秋色叶树种在园林造景中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
秋色叶树种是园林造景中重要的观赏树种之一,我国秋色叶树木资源十分丰富,开发利用秋色叶树木资源对我国园林建设具有重要意义.作者分析了秋色叶树种内涵,主要树种的性状、特征、观赏价值及在我国自然秋色景观中的应用等,初步探讨了它们在城市园林造景中应用方式、应用前景,提出了秋色叶树种选择应用的原则及应注意的问题. 相似文献
187.
Derek P. Manning Carla Jones Frederick James Rowland Martin Roff 《Journal of Safety Research》1998,29(4):275-283
For more than a decade, evidence has been accumulating that points to the fact that the microscopic roughness of the footwear soling surface is a major determinant of slip-resistance on lubricated surfaces, but conclusive experimental proof has been lacking. This article describes an experiment in which five pairs of shoes were soled with the same rubber compound. Four of the pairs were abraded by different grades of grit to produce a range of roughness values. The coefficient of friction (CoF) of the five solings was then measured repeatedly by the walking traction method on wet surfaces including glazed wall tiles, vinyl asbestos coated with the wax floor polish, and both sides of a sheet of float glass. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test proved beyond doubt that the soling roughness is a major factor in determining the CoF of this rubber soling material; p < 10−5. Nearly all of the grip was due to surface roughness of the soling material on these atypically smooth floors, although the surface roughness of the floors also had a significant effect on CoF; p < 0.003. Float glass is shown to be a promising reference floor material for the measurement of CoF of footwear; there was no statistical difference between results for the two sides of the glass sheet. Float glass could be used in the development of a standard CoF test method because new sheets of glass from the same manufacturer are identical and extremely smooth. The specification of CoF values for solings/floors combinations in lubricated conditions is of little value unless associated with roughness measurements and knowledge of how wear will affect the surface roughness of the sole. This article reports the first evidence that any specification of flooring by measuring CoF based on dry surfaces could lead to an increase in the number of injuries caused by slipping on the wet surfaces. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd 相似文献
188.
本文建立了准确预测多环芳烃(PAHs)及其烷基衍生物的正-辛醇/水分配系数(Kow)模型。模型表明PAHs的分配性质可用零阶价分子连接性指数(~°x~v)描述,~°x~v数值与PAHs的logKow成正比。应用本模型可以预测大范围PAHs的logKow值。 相似文献
189.
190.
锶—89在珍珠岩中吸附的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了不同粒径的珍珠岩对^89Sr的吸附。结果表明,珍珠岩对^89Sr具有较强的吸附能力,饱和吸附率大于95%;通过振荡能加速珍珠岩对^89Sr的吸附;珍珠岩对^89Sr的吸附率与时间关系由多项指数描述;不同粒径的珍珠岩对^89Sr的吸附率没有明显差异。 相似文献