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131.
气候变暖背景下西南地区干旱灾害风险评估 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
论文利用全国基准基本站地面气温、降水资料,NCAR/NCEP土壤湿度资料及各类经济数据,采用加权综合评价法对西南地区干旱灾害风险因子进行分析,结果表明:四川和云南致灾因子危险性较高,气候变暖后四川东南部、云南和贵州西部危险性增加;西南地区中部到东南部成灾环境敏感性较高,气候变暖后四川东部、贵州及云南东部敏感性增加;承灾体易损性主要分布于西南中东部地区,人口密度、经济密度、耕地面积比重越高的地区易损性程度越高;四川中部、云南东北部、贵州南部及重庆西部防灾减灾能力较高。西南地区干旱灾害风险最高区域为云南东部、四川东部、贵州西部及重庆大部分地区;气候变暖后四川东南部、云南西部危险性明显增加。 相似文献
132.
采用土壤盆栽试验,通过在博落回(Macleaya cordata)根际单独接种荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、单独接种绿针假单胞菌橙色亚种(Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca)及同时接种这两种菌,研究了这两种植物根际促生菌对博落回抗干旱及富集铀性能的增强作用.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,单独接种荧光假单胞菌、单独接种绿针假单胞菌橙色亚种及同时接种这两种菌后,博落回的生物量分别增加了35.03%、21.01%和17.33%,相对含水量分别增加了26.90%、19.31%和29.48%,叶绿素总量分别增加了71.11%、48.47%、12.85%,脯氨酸含量分别降低了71.70%、64.91%和61.35%.在干旱和铀同时胁迫下,单独接种荧光假单胞菌、单独接种绿针假单胞菌橙色亚种及同时接种这两种菌后,博落回对铀的总富集量分别提高了109.52%、66.67%和42.86%.可见,两种植物根际促生菌对博落回抗干旱和富集铀性能的增强作用表现为:单独接种荧光假单胞菌单独接种绿针假单胞菌橙色亚种同时接种这两种菌.实验结果可为干旱地区铀污染土壤的植物修复提供参考. 相似文献
133.
Sonia Binte Murshed Md. Rezaur Rahman Jagath J. Kaluarachchi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(4):800-823
The Ganges Delta in Bangladesh is an example of water‐related catastrophes in a major rural river basin where limitations in quantity, quality, and timing of available water are producing disastrous conditions. Water availability limitations are modifying the hydrologic characteristics especially when water allocation is controlled from the upstream Farakka Barrage. This study presents the changes and consequences in the hydrologic regime due to climate‐ and human‐induced stresses. Flow duration curves (FDCs), rainfall elasticity, and temperature sensitivity were used to assess the pre‐ and post‐barrage water flow patterns. Hydrologic and climate indices were computed to provide insight on hydro‐climatic variability and trend. Significant increases in temperature, evapotranspiration, hot days, heating, and cooling degree days indicate the region is heading toward a warmer climate. Moreover, increase in high‐intensity rainfall of short duration is making the region prone to extreme floods. FDCs depict a large reduction in river flows between pre‐ and post‐barrage periods, resulting in lower water storage capacity. The reduction in freshwater flow increased the extent and intensity of salinity intrusion. This freshwater scarcity is reducing livelihood options considerably and indirectly forcing population migration from the delta region. Understanding the causes and directions of hydrologic changes is essential to formulate improve water resources management in the region. 相似文献
134.
Wetland protection and restoration strategies that are designed to promote hydrologic resilience do not incorporate the location of wetlands relative to the main stream network. This is primarily attributed to the lack of knowledge on the effects of wetland location on wetland hydrologic function (e.g., flood and drought mitigation). Here, we combined a watershed‐scale, surface–subsurface, fully distributed, physically based hydrologic model with historical, existing, and lost (drained) wetland maps in the Nose Creek watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America to (1) estimate the hydrologic functions of lost wetlands and (2) estimate the hydrologic functions of wetlands located at different distances from the main stream network. Modeling results showed wetland loss altered streamflow, decreasing baseflow and increasing stream peakflow during the period of the precipitation events that led to major flooding in the watershed and downstream cities. In addition, we found that wetlands closer to the main stream network played a disproportionately important role in attenuating peakflow, while wetland location was not important for regulating baseflow. The findings of this study provide information for watershed managers that can help to prioritize wetland restoration efforts for flood or drought risk mitigation. 相似文献
135.
136.
Marek Dźwiarek Agata Latała 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(2):186-192
This article presents an analysis of results of 1035 serious and 341 minor accidents recorded by Poland's National Labour Inspectorate (PIP) in 2005–2011, in view of their prevention by means of additional safety measures applied by machinery users. Since the analysis aimed at formulating principles for the application of technical safety measures, the analysed accidents should bear additional attributes: the type of machine operation, technical safety measures and the type of events causing injuries. The analysis proved that the executed tasks and injury-causing events were closely connected and there was a relation between casualty events and technical safety measures. In the case of tasks consisting of manual feeding and collecting materials, the injuries usually occur because of the rotating motion of tools or crushing due to a closing motion. Numerous accidents also happened in the course of supporting actions, like removing pollutants, correcting material position, cleaning, etc. 相似文献
137.
燕来荣 《安全.健康和环境》2011,11(2):43-45
阐述了危险化学品物流安全储运的特点及事故危害,分析了危险化学品企业物流中的安全隐患及经济发展对危险化学品企业物流的安全储运提出的新要求,指出要用安全科学为物流科学保驾护航,以及危险化学品企业绿色物流安全储运的技术措施。 相似文献
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139.
本文分析了科技成果转化的作用及其制约因素,探讨了科技成果转化的运行机制,并提出了加速我国科技成果转化的途径和对策。 相似文献
140.