Influences of petroleum on accumulation of copper and cadmium in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Using the exposure simulation experiment, the action of petroleum affecting the accumulation of the trace metals including copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in littoral polychaete Nereis diversicolor collected from the Shuangtaizi Estuary in Liaoning Province, China was examined. The results showed that there was a markedly non-linear relationship between the accumulation of Cu in worms and the experimental concentration of Cu in exposure solutions when the concentration of petroleum remained at 0, 100, and 220 μl/L, respectively. However, significantly non-linear relationship for worms exposed to Cd was observed only when the concentration of added petroleum was 0 and 220 μl/L. The accumulation of Cu in worms did not differ significantly among the three different levels of petroleum concentrations combined with various concentrations of Cu. So was the accumulation of Cd in worms （p〉0.05）. However, the addition of petroleum in exposure solutions brought about an increase in the accumulation of Cu in Nereis diversicolor, in comparison with single Cu pollution. On the other hand, when the concentration of added petroleum remained at 100 μl/L, the accumulation of Cd in worms was lower than that in worms exposed to various concentrations of only cadmium. However, the worms exposed to Cd and petroleum 220 μl/L did not show obvious and identical increase in the accumulation of Cd, compared with single Cd exposure. The accumulation of both Cu and Cd in worms did not increase significantly with the increases in concentrations of Cu or Cd in exposure solutions combined with petroleum （0, 100, and 220μl/L） under the experimental conditions. Although Nereis diversicolor is exposed to very high Cu and Cd in exposure solutions, accumulation and detoxification mechanisms are sufficient to cope with the extra metal influx in order to survive.     

ABR-EGSB-SBR组合工艺处理制药废水

介绍了ABR-EGSB-SBR组合工艺在常温下处理制药废水的工程应用,运行结果表明:在10￣28℃温度范围内,进水COD浓度为1940￣28800mg/L时,COD去除率约为90%￣98%,EGSB容积负荷可达15kgCOD/m3·d,出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

生物组合技术在河蟹人工育苗水质净化中的应用研究

为探索河蟹人工育苗中的水质净化和减少换水量的方法，通过基础试验和河蟹人工育苗生产性试验，对一种生物组合技术进行了研究考察，结果表明，依据生态养殖原理设计，在养殖池内投放和接触氧化水循环处理装置内接种挂膜光合细菌、消化细菌和放线菌等环境有益微生物，并与微藻、光合细菌等活饵料应用技术相结合的成套技术可使育苗池水循环利用，降低生产成本，减少对周边水环境的污染。试验苗池DO高于7.5mg/L，NH3－N基本低于0.5mg/L，水质明显优于对照苗池，符合河蟹育苗要求。试验苗池触苗总成活率19.4%，产量175.8g/m^3，触菌成活率、产量和质量均明显优于对照苗池，藕效益和环境效益显著。     

THE PRACTICE OF COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A combined sewer system is a complex system subject to the dynamic stimuli of precipitation, runoff pollution loads, and sanitary wastes. The system response is a random series of pollutant loads to a receiving water. In many localities, these discharges create considerable water quality problems. Mathematical models can and have played a useful role in predicting the behavior of combined sewer systems and evaluating abatement strategies. Based on the authors' experiences over the past several years, this paper explores some of the positive and negative aspects of using deterministic mathematical models to simulate the behavior of combined sewer systems. A case study follows a discussion on modeling objectives, limitations of modeling, model selection, establishing model credibility, and many other considerations necessary in modeling and simulating these systems.     

PREDICTIVE REAL TIME CONTROL OF SURCHARGED INTERCEPTORS: IMPACT OF SEVERAL CONTROL PARAMETERS1

ABSTRACT: A global predictive real time control strategy minimizing overflow volumes from combined sewers during rainfall was applied to control flows entering the Marigot interceptor (Laval, Canada) for 23 rain events that occurred in this urban area during the summer of 1989. Different surcharge intensities were allowed in the sewer. The duration of the control horizon as well as the location and number of control regulators were varied to assess the impact of these parameters on total overflow volumes and on control safety. Due to the high propagation speed of flow waves in pressurized conduits, it was found that five‐ minute control horizons were sufficient to ensure control performance and safety when important surcharges were permitted in the interceptor and when the controlled regulators were located where pressurized flow occurred. It was also found that it is possible to reduce the number of controlled regulators by placing them at locations intercepting the largest volumes of water during rain periods.     

Combined steam-dry reforming of toluene in syngas over CaNiRu/Al2O3 catalysts

Cracking, steam reforming, dry reforming, and combined steam and dry reforming of toluene in model syngas were performed using catalysts to simulate tar removal produced during biomass gasification. The catalysts were prepared by adding Ru, Ca, and Mn to Ni-based catalysts, and their properties were measured using BET, pulse CO chemisorption, XRD and TG. In steam and dry reforming of toluene, a high toluene conversion was observed with increasing Ca content in the catalyst and catalysts containing Ca showed a higher activity than those containing Mn. In combined steam-dry reforming with syngas, 1%CaNiRu/Al₂O₃ indicated a conversion of 93.9% at 800°C.     

Sludge granulation and e ciency of phase separator in UASB reactor treating combined industrial e uent

Sludge granulation and the effect of gas-liquid-solid separator （GLSS） design on the efficiency of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket （UASB） and upflow anaerobic sludge filter （UASF） reactors, operating at HRTs ranging from 3 to 12 h was investigated. VSS/TS ratio gradually increased in both the reactors with increasing sludge age （from 0.5 to more than 0.7 for UASB reactor and 0.012 to 0.043 for UASF reactor）. X-Ray diffraction analysis of the UASF sludge showed the presence of expanding clays revealing its additional absorption capability. Fuoraphyllite and albite precipitation related to excellular polymers of the microbial shell structure, showed the extended growth of microorganisms during sludge granulation. A gradual decrease （82%-69%） in COD removal with decreasing HRT was apparent in UASF reactor. In case of UASB reactor, this decrease was marginal because addition of GLSS device significantly improved （14%-20%） the overall efficiency of the UASB reactor. GLSS enhanced the efficiency of the UASB reactor by increasing the settleability of suspended particles and accelerating the coagulation of colloidal particles due to the velocity gradient.     

MBR-纳滤组合工艺在生活污水和大型超市废水处理中的研究

以膜-生物反应器(MBR)为预处理工艺,构建了MBR-纳滤组合系统并应用于生活污水和大型超市废水的处理,考察MBR作为纳滤预处理的可行性,评价纳滤膜的出水水质,分析不同操作模式和不同进水水质对纳滤膜的渗透性能的影响。研究表明,MBR作为纳滤的预处理是完全可行的。MBR-纳滤组合工艺处理生活污水的出水平均值:浊度0.09～0.44 NTU,电导率553.7～902.3μS/cm,TOC 1.75～5.57 mg/L,TN 1 1.3～12.5 mg/L,TP0.2 mg/L;MBR-纳滤组合工艺处理超市废水的出水平均值:浊度0.075～0.26 NTU,电导率143.2～388.9μS/cm,TOC 2.71～5.03 mg/L,TN为1.6～3.3 mg/L,TP0.2 mg/L。纳滤系统的出水水质低于城市生活饮用水标准中绝大多数常规检测项目中所规定的限值,也可满足循环冷却水用再生水水质标准。     

饮用水质安全保障的研究与技术发展趋势:Ⅰ.污染风险源及控制目标

水源污染与水质标准提高之间的矛盾、传统污染物与新型污染物并存的客观现实、突发性污染事件频发的状况,为当今构建适应我国国情的饮用水质安全保障技术体系提出了更高的要求。另一方面,污染物在水的循环系统中发生复杂的循环累积与转移转化过程,在处理与输配过程中发生复杂的形态结构转化过程,各种污染物及其中间产物在复杂介质界面体系下的复合毒性效应,对饮用水质安全风险综合控制提出了严峻的挑战。我国应围绕水质污染控制、水质达标、水质健康风险控制等综合目标开展战略性、基础性与创新性研究,为我国饮用水质安全保障与风险控制构建高效、经济、可行的支撑技术系统。