Climate and Land Use Effects on Hydrologic Processes in a Primarily Rain‐Fed,Agricultural Watershed

Anticipating changes in hydrologic variables is essential for making socioeconomic water resource decisions. This study aims to assess the potential impact of land use and climate change on the hydrologic processes of a primarily rain‐fed, agriculturally based watershed in Missouri. A detailed evaluation was performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the near future (2020–2039) and mid‐century (2040–2059). Land use scenarios were mapped using the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects model. Ensemble results, based on 19 climate models, indicated a temperature increase of about 1.0°C in near future and 2.0°C in mid‐century. Combined climate and land use change scenarios showed distinct annual and seasonal hydrologic variations. Annual precipitation was projected to increase from 6% to 7%, which resulted in 14% more spring days with soil water content equal to or exceeding field capacity in mid‐century. However, summer precipitation was projected to decrease, a critical factor for crop growth. Higher temperatures led to increased potential evapotranspiration during the growing season. Combined with changes in precipitation patterns, this resulted in an increased need for irrigation by 38 mm representing a 10% increase in total irrigation water use. Analysis from multiple land use scenarios indicated converting agriculture to forest land can potentially mitigate the effects of climate change on streamflow, thus ensuring future water availability.     

Habitat Improvements and Fish Community Response Associated with an Agricultural Two‐Stage Ditch in Mower County,Minnesota

Water quality and stream habitat in agricultural watersheds are under greater scrutiny as hydrologic pathways are altered to increase crop production. Ditches have been traditionally constructed to remove water from agricultural lands. Little attention has been placed on alternative ditch designs that are more stable and provide greater habitat diversity for wildlife and aquatic species. In 2009, 1.89 km of a conventional drainage ditch in Mower County, Minnesota, was converted to a two‐stage ditch (TSD) with small, adjacent floodplains to mimic a natural system. Cross section surveys, conducted pre‐ and post‐construction, generally indicate a stable channel with minor adjustments over time. Vegetation surveys showed differences in species composition and biomass between the slopes and the benches, with changes ongoing. Longitudinal surveys demonstrated a 12‐fold increase in depth variability. Fish habitat quality improved with well‐sorted gravel riffles and deeper pool habitat. The biological response to improved habitat quality was investigated using a Fish Index of Biological Integrity (FIBI). Our results show higher FIBI scores post‐construction with scores more similar to natural streams. In summary, the TSD demonstrated improvements in riparian and instream habitat quality and fish communities, which showed greater fish species richness, higher percentages of gravel spawning fish, and better FIBI scores. This type of management tool could benefit ditches in other regions where gradient and geology allow.     

Social identity and applicant attraction: Exploring the role of multiple levels of self

Applicant attraction is a critical objective of recruitment. Common predictor variables of applicant attraction are limited in that they do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the process that shapes the perceptions and beliefs of job applicants about the firms for which they aspire to work for. Because individuals have the inherent desire to expand and enhance their social identities (e.g., personal, relational, and collective identities), they are likely to be attracted to organizations that allow them to do so. Building on recent work on levels of self, our paper suggests that social identities mediate the relation between currently established predictor variables of applicant attraction (e.g., compensation, type of work, and organizational image) and important applicant attraction outcomes. Common predictor variables of applicant attraction can lead to the activation, evaluation, and identification processes described by social identity theory. A theoretical framework is presented that illustrates the mediating influence of social identity on the relations between common predictor variables and applicant attraction outcomes. This framework may lead to more effective recruitment strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高级氧化技术降解含氮除草剂的研究进展

目前,含氮除草剂已在全球范围内得到广泛使用,随着其不断的排入水体,会对水体生态环境和人体健康造成严重危害。介绍了几种主要的高级氧化技术降解含氮除草剂的机理,并综述了国内外利用高级氧化技术在降解含氮除草剂领域所取得的研究进展,为开发新的降解含氮除草剂技术提供参考。     

地下水-土系统中PAHs复合污染吸附/解吸机理研究进展

地下水-土系统中多环芳烃类(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染是目前研究的热点问题之一,研究焦点正逐步由单一污染向复合污染转变,而在地下水-土系统中PAHs复合污染的吸附/解吸机理是其调查与修复研究的关键问题。结合目前国内外研究进展,对重金属、非金属类物质与PAHs复合污染时竞争性吸附/解吸机理、热力学特征和影响因素等方面的研究进行评述,认为今后的研究方向是PAHs与复合污染物间交互作用的定量分析,分子水平竞争性吸附/解吸机理研究,生物吸附、化学吸附与PAHs生物毒性影响关系研究等方面,随着上述工作的逐渐深入,必将推进地下水-土系统中复合污染的研究进程。     

Bi2O3-TiO2复合光催化剂协同处理铬-邻苯二甲酸酯复合污染

以硝酸铋和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用水热法制备了Bi_2O_3-TiO_2复合半导体材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UVVis)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对复合材料的结构进行了表征.同时,考察了Bi_2O_3-TiO_2复合材料对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和难降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)复合污染的处理性能,并探讨了复合催化剂协同处理复合污染的作用机制.结果表明:该复合催化剂在可见光下能同时降低重金属Cr(Ⅵ)和有机物DBP的浓度,抑制电子和空穴复合,表现出比对单一Cr(Ⅵ)及DBP污染物更高的处理效率.当Bi_2O_3含量为4%时,复合催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性.     

柠檬酸对核电站低放废液中110mAg吸附去除性能的影响

具有γ放射性的~(110m)Ag是核电站放射性废液中的主要核素之一,半衰期长,并且可以通过食物链在海洋生物中富集,研究其高效去除技术具有重要的意义.核电站化学去污过程加入的络合剂(如柠檬酸)对~(110m)Ag的化学形态和吸附性能有重要的影响.因此,本文首先模拟核电站水化学环境,研究了柠檬酸对~(110m)Ag化学形态的影响规律,其次研究了不同形态的~(110m)Ag物种在几种优选材料上的吸附性能.结果表明,由于核电站放射性废液的来源不同,柠檬酸与~(110m)Ag同时形成离子态络合物和~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸纳米金属复合物;采用过氧化氢与紫外线联合高级氧化的方法能够破坏柠檬酸络合离子及~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸复合物结构,形成单独的离子态~(110m)Ag+,从而有效地提高了~(110m)Ag物种的吸附去除性能.     

城市高污染水体生物生态处理技术研究

针对城市高污染水体的特点,建成了粉煤灰基质滤料生物过滤与复合水生植物滤床组合处理系统。生物过滤在有机物和氨氮的去除方面起主要作用,磷则主要是通过人工湿地去除。运行结果表明,组合工艺出水COD、TP、NH3-N、TN平均浓度分别为16.35 mg/L、0.08 mg/L、2.68 mg/L、15.63 mg/L,均满足《城市污水再生利用——城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920-2002)标准要求。     

玉米幼苗对镉、菲单一与复合污染的生理生化响应

通过室内盆栽实验研究了玉米幼苗在镉、菲污染胁迫14 d后的生理生化响应,并探讨了镉、菲单一与复合污染对玉米幼苗的毒性效应及其致毒机制.结果表明,单一镉(0～50 mg/kg)污染时,镉处理对玉米幼苗地上部分和根系生物量以及可溶性蛋白都无显著影响;随镉处理浓度的增加,玉米幼苗叶片SOD酶活性表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而P...     

应用复合生物技术处理制药综合废水的探讨

采用改进型UNITANK和BAF工艺对东北制药总厂综合废水进行了试验研究 ,阐述了主要工艺原理 ,CODCr的去除效率可达到 90 %以上。对于高浓度废水可以使出水CODCr≤ 5 0 0mg L。整个废水处理系统具有运行稳定、处理效果好和处理成本低的特点 ,为工程建设提供了有力的依据和保障。