Ecological networks and greenways in Europe: reasoning and concepts

The paper gives an overview of approaches towards ecological networks throughout Europe.It does not intend to present a complete picture,but to highlight comon developments within countries and regions and show common principles and differences between countries and regions that have to be taken into account when developing a joint European intiative,Countries or regions that have not been included can be active in the same way ,but information was not accessible to be authors for different reasons.This overview shows the comparable trends in decline of landscapes and the diversity in approaches to biodiversity conservation and nature conservation planning.Understanding the differences and common issues are of utmost imprtance to generalise common principles and to understand the way neighbours and other European partners approach problems.     

The influence of source and timing of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of four sweet potato cultivars

Nitrogen (N) availability is a very important determinant of crop yield. It is also one of the most expensive inputs in crop production. Thus, the efficient management of N by farmers with limited resource is a very important part of successful soil and crop management system. A field study was conducted on a Norfolk sandy loam soil at the George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuskegee, AL, to evaluate the influence of fertilizer source and timing on the yield of four sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] cultivars. Two N sources (urea, CO(NH₂)₂ and ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃), four sweet potato cultivars (‘Georgia Jet’, GA-Jet; ‘TU-82-155’, TU-155; ‘TU-1892’; and ‘Rojo Blanco’, Rojo-Bl) and three times (zero, single, and split applications) were used in a factorial designed experiment. Plants were harvested after 80 and 120 days and total and marketable yields determined. Nitrogen recovery efficiency, yield efficiency and physiological efficiency were also determined. Total and marketable yields of early maturing cultivars were significantly higher than of late maturing cultivars (P<0.05). The single application of N resulted in significantly higher yield in storage roots than split application (P<0.05). Physiological efficiency values were highly correlated with total marketable yields. Recovery rates increased with time. Late maturing cultivars tended to have higher N recovery and physiological efficiency than early maturing cultivars. These results suggest that cultivar maturity group should play an important part in N fertilization recommendations for sweet potato.     

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究结果,免除土壤侵蚀的危害,其５０ｃｍ、１００ｃｍ土壤中,比对照区持水量高１０.２０％～３３.６７％、８.２７％～６５.３７％,含全氮率为对照的９０％,含全磷率高２.９％、２６.２％,含全钾率高３.１８％、８.０１％,而水解氮均为对照的６１.５％,速效磷高较对照３９.０２％、９７.７２％,速效钾为对照的９１.４８％、９２.５４％。公顷产桑叶量和蚕茧量均较对照高５～１０倍,经济效益较对照高１１.８８倍。     

城市土地利用下的植物物种资源特征分析

根据对前联邦德国卡尔斯鲁厄市城市自生植被的调查资料,分析了城市植物区系的特征及其与人类活动影响的关系。结论为：①城市植物区系在优势科组成和生态特征方面与其所在地区自然植被明显不同,并在城市之间表现出较大的相似性；②人类活动和城市热岛效应对城市植物区系及其生态特征的作用明显；③城市土地利用和城市绿地管理对许多物种的生存构成威胁     

异养-电极-生物膜联合反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的研究

提出了异养 电极 生物膜联合反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的工艺 ,该反应器以异养反硝化为主 ,通过电化学段脱除异养段后水中残留的甲醇或硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐氮 .进水中碳氮比 (质量比 )从 2 2— 2 9,都可保证出水中既无亚硝酸盐积累现象 ,也无残留的甲醇 ,但甲醇略为过量时可提高反应器的处理能力 .2 4℃时处理硝酸盐氮浓度 40mg L的进水 ,反应器最大脱硝负荷为 47g (m3 ·h) .     

人工神经网络模型和公路复垦土地适宜性评价

提出了人工神经网络用于公路临时用地复垦土地适宜性评价，利用该模型对京大高速公路山西段复垦山西段复垦土地进行了适宜性评价，探讨了人工神经网络在土地复垦适宜性评价时的特点和注意问题。     

邢台煤矿矿井水的综合治理及利用

随着开采深度及范围的扩大，邢台煤矿井下高压出水点越来越多，既浪费了大量的排水费用，又对岩溶水环境和水资源造成了严重破坏。针对上述情况，用四种不同的方法分别进行了封堵和重新利用，使矿井减少了４８０ｍ＾３／ｈ的无效排水，经济效益和环保效益均十分明显。     

含铬废渣的综合利用

着重介绍了重庆东风化工厂铬渣综合治理的成效。其中包括该厂已成功应用于工业化生产的铬渣作玻璃着色剂，钙镁磷肥助熔剂，炼铁烧结熔剂等利用途径及其还原解毒机理，以及在水泥等建材方面的应用尝试。     

化学法处理含酚废水的组合工艺系统和条件研究

采用化学法组合的三种工艺系统,对含酚废水进行了工艺条件的研究。结果表明,对于浓度<30mg/l含酚废水,采用氧化凝聚处理是有效的;而对于30～80mg/l含酚废水,选用氧化凝聚和吸附组合的工艺系统处理,能使排放水中酚和COD达标。     

南京雨花石

南京出产的雨花石为天赐瑰宝，按照矿物岩石学可分为11类，可从岩石质地、艺术、科学、历史四个方面评价其价值。雨花石作为砾石、卵石主要是由河流作用形成的，而组成雨花石的原岩的成因各异，火山作用是最为重要的成因方式。雨花石可从产品销售以及发展旅游事业等方面加以利用，搞好规划开发利用时要注意保护资源。