基于正交试验的谷物粉尘燃烧特性影响因素研究

为了研究谷物粉尘燃烧特性影响因素，以可食用玉米淀粉为研究对象，通过ZY6243锥形量热仪（CONE）进行了单因素和正交试验，研究了粉尘粒径、惰性介质CaCO3质量分数、热辐射通量对玉米淀粉燃烧特性的影响效应。应用直观分析法和方差分析法定性地研究了各因素对玉米淀粉热释放速率峰值的影响程度并进行了排序，2种方法得出的结论基本一致。研究结果表明:各因素对玉米淀粉热释放速率峰值的影响程度依次为:CaCO3质量分数＞粉尘粒径＞热辐射通量；其中惰性介质CaCO3对热释放速率峰值和引燃时间的影响最为显著。     

Driving under the influence of alcohol and the effects of alcohol prohibition—Case study in Serbia

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the prevalence of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) according to day of the week, specific roads (urban/rural), daytime or nighttime, and vehicle category. In addition, this study examines how the prohibition of selling alcoholic drinks in shops and supermarkets (not in restaurants) after 10 p.m. has affected the prevalence of DUI.

Method: Breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) was collected from all drivers through police checkpoints at 54 locations in Serbia. In this study, 17,945 drivers were tested in urban areas and 19,507 in rural areas. The relationship between DUI during the prohibition on alcohol sales in Belgrade and other large cities in Serbia was determined using logistic regression.

Results: On average, every 100th driver in traffic in Serbia was DUI (0.99%). This study shows that the 0 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for motorcyclists does not have an influence on DUI. Moreover, motorcyclists represent the category with the highest share of DUI, with a statistically significantly larger difference compared to drivers of other vehicle categories. These results may be a consequence of the fact that a large number of drivers drive both motorcycles and other vehicle categories (cars or mopeds), so the different BAC limits for nonprofessional drivers may create confusion about the legal BAC limit.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the required legal BAC limit for nonprofessional drivers should be the same. The prohibition of selling alcoholic drinks in Belgrade after 10 p.m. does not decrease the prevalence of DUI.     

Assessment of Several Test Methods for the Determination of the Anaerobic Biodegradability of Polymers

Anaerobic degradation of eight commercially available biodegradable polymers was compared in two anaerobic tests using digestion sludge, according to ISO 11734 and ASTM D.5210-91. Cotton, polyhydroxybutyrate/hydroxyvalerate copolymer (PHB/PHV), starch blend, thermoplastic cellulose acetate, and cellulose acetate fibers proved to be anaerobically degradable, but only a low extent of degradation was found for polylactide, polyvinylalcohol, and polycaprolactone. Both test methods gave the same overall results, but with the ISO medium, longer lag phases and greater ranges of variation in the results were observed. These effects are presumably due to low concentrations of carbon dioxide in the ISO medium. Carbon dioxide has been demonstrated to be essential for the growth of various anaerobic bacteria, notably homoacetogenic and methanogenic bacteria.     

中国二氧化硫污染的“稳健性”影响因素——基于空间面板数据EBA模型的实证分析

改革开放以来,中国的经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就.然而,随着经济的快速增长,环境污染问题也日益凸显.本文采用2000—2012年中国30个省际的面板数据,利用环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)理论检验二氧化硫(SO2)污染与经济增长的关系及其空间溢出效应,进而引入极值边界模型(EBA模型)实证检验SO2污染的"稳健性"影响因素.结果表明:我国各省域SO2污染与经济增长存在EKC曲线假设的倒"U"型关系,并具有空间溢出效应;第二产业就业人口比重、出口占GDP的比重、能源效率、化石能源比重、工业污染治理完成投资与SO2排放量呈正向"稳健性"关系,产业结构升级与SO2排放量呈负向"稳健性"关系.最后根据实证结论提出相应的政策建议,为政府制定相应的SO2减排政策提供经验证据和决策参考.     

颗粒物防护口罩适合因子的影响因素研究

为设计适合国人的防护口罩,利用定量适合性检验和人体头面部尺寸测量的方法,探索影响口罩适合因子(FF)的因素。对4种颗粒物防护口罩(3M8210,3M8210v,3M9332和3M9010)的FF进行检测;测量口罩佩戴者的形态面长、面宽、两耳屏间宽、两下颌角间宽、鼻高、鼻长、鼻宽和两耳屏点间颌下弧长等头面部尺寸数据;计算身体质量指数(BMI)。探讨头面部尺寸、BMI、性别及口罩型号对FF的影响。研究表明:显著影响口罩FF的因素是头面部尺寸和口罩型号,其余因素对FF无显著影响;设计防护口罩应考虑我国人群头面部尺寸特点。     

汽车电子电磁场抗扰度测试方法及系统研究

分析了当前汽车电子零部件电磁场抗扰度主流标准及测试方法,针对目前单台设备适用特定标准的局限性,提出了一种基于Lab VIEW虚拟仪器远程系统的自动测试方法。该系统利用GPIB总线、USB总线、TCP/IP总线实现了计算机与各台仪器的通讯,通过自主研发的软件实现了测试频段的扩充,同时兼顾到了软件后期的维护和扩展。     

随机振动的描述及其试验与仿真

阐述了随机振动的描述方法,随机振动试验条件和相关参数的计算等。并结合实例,介绍了随机振动有限元仿真的流程及其工程意义,以便在深入了解随机振动原理的基础上,指导随机振动试验和有限元仿真的开展。     

行波管性能测试用试验箱的结构特点及其设计

介绍了一种专门用于行波管性能测试的试验箱的设计过程。在对试验箱结构特点进行分析的基础上,通过结构设计、制冷系统设计和控制系统设计,尤其在风道结构布局方面的创新设计,成功研制了该型试验箱,并在生产过程中得到了实际应用。     

步入式高低温湿热试验箱的实现

主要介绍了步入式高低温湿热试验箱的实现方法,对其原理进行了较为细致的阐述。并对其主要组成部分进行了介绍。该试验箱为公路车辆和集装箱等大型设备安全有效地进行各类气候环境试验提供保障。     

水生生物水质基准研究中轮虫、水螅、涡虫类受试生物的筛选

轮虫、水螅、涡虫是水生生态系统的重要生物类群。因其对水体污染较敏感,所以对水生生物基准研究有重要意义。依据我国生物区系资料及毒性数据丰度,筛选出8种代表性本土轮虫、水螅、涡虫类生物。参照美国水生生物基准技术指南,搜集、筛选了这8种代表性生物的急性毒性数据,通过数据分析,筛选出对各物种毒性最大的污染物,主要包括重金属、农药、有机锡化物、表面活性剂、吡啶胺类杀菌剂。分析污染物的物种敏感度分布,依据累积概率对代表性生物的物种敏感性进行分类,结果为:萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、绿水螅(Hydra viridissima)、普通水螅(Hydra vulgaris)对重金属铜的累积概率为6.5%、8.5%和10.4%,普通水螅(Hydra vulgaris)对重金属汞的累积概率为6.3%;龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和四齿腔轮虫(Lecane quadridentata)对五氯酚钠的累积概率为5.1%和7.6%;褐水螅(Hydra oligactis)和绿水螅(Hydra viridissima)对三丁基氧化锡的累积概率为6.9%和13.8%,萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)对氟啶胺的累积概率为6.7%,日本三角涡虫(Dugesia japonica)对四氯化碳、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的累积概率分别为6.7%和7.1%。上述结果表明:萼花臂尾轮虫、绿水螅对重金属铜敏感;普通水螅对重金属铜和汞敏感;龟甲轮虫和四齿腔轮虫对农药敏感;褐水螅和绿水螅对有机锡化物敏感;萼花臂尾轮虫对吡啶胺类杀菌剂敏感;日本三角涡虫对四氯化碳、表面活性剂敏感。这7种代表性生物可作为相关污染物的水生生物基准受试物种。