中国城镇化与土地集约利用关系的动态计量分析

在测度城镇化与土地集约利用的基础上,运用动态计量经济模型探讨城镇化与土地集约利用的相互作用。研究结果表明：（1）城镇化与土地集约利用均为一阶单整序列;（2）城镇化与土地集约利用之间存在长期均衡关系,但短期内却存在失衡,短期波动向长期均衡趋近的调整幅度达到18.98%;（3）城镇化是土地集约利用的Granger原因,而反向关系得不到实证支持;（4）土地集约利用对来自城镇化的冲击响应强烈,城镇化的冲击对土地集约利用的解释水平达到了90%,而城镇化对来自土地集约利用的冲击响应较弱,土地集约利用的冲击对城镇化的解释水平仅为3%。因此,应采取长期而非短期的策略,有序推进城镇化进程,加强土地利用监督管理,不断提高土地资源集约利用水平     

环鄱阳湖区生态足迹与经济产业发展关系的实证研究

生态足迹是衡量区域生态承载力状况的一个较成熟的方法。首先通过计量模型计量出环鄱阳湖区1989~2008年生态足迹的时间序列值,并评价了其承载状况。结果显示,近20 a来,环鄱阳湖区的生态足迹从1989年的1 401万hm2提升到2008年的3 145万hm2,呈波动上升趋势;生态承载力从1989年的6 255万hm2上升至2008年的7 215万hm2,基本上呈不断上升的变化趋势。环鄱阳湖区生态承载力能满足区域的生态足迹需求,表现出生态盈余,但其盈余空间从1989年的4 220万hm2降低至2008年的4 069万hm2,总体上呈减少趋势。其次,将生态足迹与区域的经济总量和三次产业进行协整分析后得出,生态足迹的GDP弹性为035,其三次产业的弹性分别为0668 3、0011、0049 4。最后,从加强土地管理、强化区域贸易、改变消费方式、完善产业体系等角度提出了协调环鄱阳湖区生态环境与经济产业发展的政策措施     

高低温试验能力验证常见不满意原因分析

测量审核和实验室间比对是能力验证计划的有效补充形式,是实验室或者检查机构用于实验室质量控制及申请CNAS认可的重要手段。本文随机抽取2010年～2012年低温试验测量审核与高温试验实验室间比对结果为不满意的报告各8份作为样本,进行原因分析,并给出技术建议,旨在让参加实验室在以后的相关试验中能规避常见问题,提高测试能力。     

基于GJB 150A-2009的高温试验方法研究

介绍了GJB 150换版后的基本信息,以图表形式给出了高温对装备的影响及比重。对GJB150A-2009中的高温试验方法及剪裁指南进行了研究,对高温试验应用要点进行了分析,并以某型号电子装备为例,建立了其寿命期剖面和寿命期环境剖面。     

土壤中重金属检测样品前处理技术现状分析

土壤中重金属检测样品前处理是一个复杂且关键的步骤,对最终分析结果有重要的影响。文章对目前主要采用湿法消解(盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸、王水/王水回流、反王水)、干灰化法消解与微波消解技术及其现状进行介绍,指出其各自的优势与存在问题,为土壤中重金属检测样品前处理技术的进一步探索研究提供参考。     

超高斯（分布）随机振动HALT试验剖面建立要点解析

本文介绍了超高斯（分布）随机振动HALT技术,对超高斯（分布）随机振动HALT试验剖面的建立提出了方法和建议,主要包括试验顺序的选择、应力强度的确定、步进量级的选择、驻留时间确定和试验停止原则等五方面,并总结了现场试验的要求和注意事项。     

振动试验中常见问题的分析

振动试验是装备环境试验不可缺少的部分,本文分析了试验条件的制定、试验夹具的设计和试验样品安装等振动试验中比较重要的环节,提出了振动试验实施过程中常见的几个问题,并结合实际操作经验给出了解决方案。     

The toxicity of composted sediments from Mediterranean ports evaluated by several bioassays

This work investigates the ecotoxicological evaluation of contaminated dredged sediments from French Mediterranean navy harbour (A), commercial port (B) and two composite specimens (C) and (D) coming from the mixture of A and B with other port sediments. The toxicity of elutriates from these sediments is estimated using embryo-toxicity test, Microtox® solid phase test, LuminoTox, phytotoxicity tests and genotoxicity test. Bioassay responses are not clearly correlated with chemical contamination in the whole sediment and vary as a function of tested organisms. The highest contaminated samples (A and C) are almost always more toxic than the less contaminated samples (B and D). Among composite sediments, the mixture effect with other sediments is not efficient to decrease toxicity in sample C, suggesting that other parameters influence toxicity level such as particle size or organic matter content. These parameters should be taken into consideration in order to improve the efficiency of the mixture process and produce composite sediments with low toxicity.     

一种采用可控复合技术的新型升温炉

在普通电加热炉的基础上,通过配备液化燃烧器加热装置,开发了一种可同时实施自动控制电加热和燃气加热复合升温的新型装配式试验炉。试验测试表明,该新型复合式升温方法能够很好地模拟ISO-834标准升(降)温曲线,同时具有电炉安全可靠、测控精度高、操作简便、无污染,以及液化气火焰升温快、容易控制并可真实模拟火灾的优点,因而具有良好的试验效果和经济效果,是一种实用的结构抗火试验设施。     

In-vivo passive sampling to measure elimination kinetics in bioaccumulation tests

The application of in-tissue passive sampling to quantify chemical kinetics in fish bioconcentration experiments was investigated. A passive sampler consisting of an acupuncture needle covered with a PDMS tube was developed together with a method for its deployment in rainbow trout. The time to steady state for chemical uptake into the passive sampler was >1 d, so it was employed as a kinetically limited sampler with a deployment time of 2 h. The passive sampler was employed in parallel with the established whole tissue extraction method to study the elimination kinetics of 10 diverse chemicals in rainbow trout. 4-n-nonylphenol and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol were close to or below the limit of quantification in the sampler. For chlorpyrifos, musk xylene, hexachlorobenzene, 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl and p,p′-DDT, the elimination rate constants determined with the passive sampler method and the established method agreed within 18%. Poorer agreement (35%) was observed for 2,3,4-trichloroanisole and p-diisopropylbenzene because fewer data were obtained with the passive sampling method due to its lower sensitivity. The work shows that in-tissue passive sampling can be employed to measure contaminant elimination kinetics in fish. This opens up the possibility of studying contaminant kinetics in individual fish, thereby reducing the fish requirements and analytical costs for the determination of bioconcentration factors.