钢铁酸洗废液的资源化处理技术

钢铁酸洗废液中含有大量的酸和铁盐，已被各国作为危险废物进行管理，多年来，研究者已经研究出多种有效、可行的资源化处理方法和技术，从技术成熟性、工艺特性、工艺关键、过程控制、应用前景和发展方向等方面介绍了技术上比较成熟和具有良好前景的7种主要方法，以利于保护环境和酸洗废液资源化处理技术的进步。     

超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化

本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法，回收率达９５％以上，回收浓缩液工艺套用，１０ｔ／ｄ废液量的资源化年净效益达５８０万元，投资费用两个月即可全部收回，采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量，待萃物含量和萃取率的关系，使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。     

玉米套种堆作甘薯增产机理的研究

玉米套种“堆作甘薯”能充分利用光能，并降低土壤容重、增加孔隙度和提高三相比中的气相容积，同时使土壤热容量、导热率和热扩散率降低，昼夜温差增大，因此能明显提高甘薯的产量和品质。     

Uncertainty, learning, and the optimal management of wildlife

Wildlife management is limited by uncontrolled and often unrecognized environmental variation, by limited capabilities to observe and control animal populations, and by a lack of understanding about the biological processes driving population dynamics. In this paper I describe a comprehensive framework for management that includes multiple models and likelihood values to account for structural uncertainty, along with stochastic factors to account for environmental variation, random sampling, and partial controllability. Adaptive optimization is developed in terms of the optimal control of incompletely understood populations, with the expected value of perfect information measuring the potential for improving control through learning. The framework for optimal adaptive control is generalized by including partial observability and non-adaptive, sample-based updating of model likelihoods. Passive adaptive management is derived as a special case of constrained adaptive optimization, representing a potentially efficient suboptimal alternative that nonetheless accounts for structural uncertainty.     

Is Current Consumption Excessive? A General Framework and Some Indications for the United States

Abstract:  Many prior studies have explored the implications of human population growth and environmentally problematic technologies for biodiversity loss and other forms of environmental degradation. Relatively few, however, have examined the impacts of the level and composition of consumption. We offer a framework that shows how the level and composition of a society's total consumption relate to the uses of various forms of capital and to the sustainability of natural resources and human well-being. We relate the framework to two main approaches—top–down macro studies and bottom–up computer models—for measuring whether overall consumption in the United States satisfies a sustainability requirement. Existing top–down studies have shortcomings that bias their results toward optimism, and current computer simulation models, although strong on revealing biophysical outcomes, are limited in their ability to evaluate impacts on human well-being. Although some ambiguities arise in determining whether overall consumption in the United States is excessive, our conclusions regarding the composition of U.S. consumption are unambiguous. Distorted consumption patterns and associated production methods lead to excessively rapid natural resource depletion; greater conservation would yield gains to current and future generations that more than compensate for the sacrifices involved. Public policies that deal with the composition problem not only would help conserve natural resources and improve current welfare but also would reduce the costs of meeting the goal of sustainability.     

大红色基G生产中的废酸资源回收

大红色基Ｇ生产中产生的废硫酸内含硫酸达５０％，ＣＯＤ７０ｇ／Ｌ，难用常规的方法来处理。本文给出了用该废酸生产硫酸锌进而生产立德粉的方法，并用ＣＯＤ浓度作为硫酸锌质量的控制指标，氧化锌和了废硫酸后，有机会物从溶液中析了，ＣＯＤ的去除率达９９％。残存的有机物用活性炭吸附法除去。控制ＺｎＳＯ４溶液中ＣＯＤ≤６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，可制得合格的Ｂ３０１立德粉。有杉本法使硫酸资源全部回收并且无废水排放。     

Market responses to hurricanes

This paper uses one of the strongest hurricanes to hit the US, Andrew in 1992, to define a quasi-random experiment that permits estimation of the responses of housing values to information about new hurricanes. Lee County, Florida did not experience damage from Andrew. The storm was a “near-miss.” We hypothesize that Andrew conveyed risk information to homeowners in the county. A difference-in-differences (DND) framework identifies the effect of this information on property values in areas likely to experience significant storm damage. The DND findings indicate at least a 19 percent decline in property values.     

Between-group encounters among bonnet macaques (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Macaca radiata</Emphasis>)

Socioecological theory suggests that between-group competition is an important factor affecting the nature of primate social relationships. Between-group encounters in macaques may involve female resource defense, male mate defense, and male resource defense. We observed between-group encounters in two groups (a forest group and a temple group) of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). We observed 102 encounters in 875 h of observation of the forest group (1.40 per 12-h day) and 58 encounters in 907 h of observation of the temple group (0.77 per 12-h day). Aggressive interactions between groups occurred in 32.4% and 29.3% of encounters in the forest and temple groups, respectively. Overall, we found little support for the female resource defense hypothesis. Females in both groups rarely participated aggressively in between-group encounters. We found support for the male mate defense hypothesis. For example, males of the forest group were more aggressive during encounters in the mating season than in the non-mating season. Males were also aggressive to females from their own group immediately following encounters. We also found partial support for the male resource defense hypothesis. Encounters in the forest group occurred in a feeding context more often than expected based on time budgets. Also, males in the temple group were more often aggressive in food-related encounters than in other encounters. The findings of this study suggest that socioecological models of primate social relationships need to distinguish male and female strategies during between-group encounters and integrate the resulting functional outcomes.Communicated by T. Czeschlik     

农药杀螟硫磷酶促降解的研究

从长期受农药杀螟硫磷污染的土壤中分离到一株高效降解菌株,研究了其最适产酶条件:培养温度为30℃,培养液起始pH为7.0,培养时间为30 h.从该降解菌中提取的粗酶液在pH 7.5和30℃时显示最大的降解活性,其米氏常数Km为2.92×10-4mol/L,最大降解速率为2 422.79 nmolm in-1mg-1.图7参15     

松嫩草原黄墩蚁〔Lasisus flavus (Fabricius)〕对土壤理化性质的影响

黄墩蚁是松嫩草原土壤动物优势类群中唯一的大型土壤动物,是研究羊草草原分解者亚系统中大型土壤动物功能及作用机理的理想对象.本文研究了黄墩蚁筑巢活动对土壤物理和化学性质的影响,结果表明,黄墩蚁的筑巢活动改变了土壤颗粒的粒径分布,土壤的孔隙度增加,也明显阻止了盐分的上泛,同时增加了土壤中有机质、速效氮和速效磷的含量.受土壤理化性质改变的影响,蚁丘周围的植被组成、密度、生物量等群落特征指标也发生了较大变化.研究表明,由黄墩蚁活动引起的草原微生境的改变有利于羊草的生长和繁殖,黄墩蚁加速了羊草 虎尾草群落向羊草群落的演替,因此可以断定黄墩蚁是松嫩草原生态系统中的一个重要的干扰因子,可以利用它们这种生态作用加速退化草原的修复和重建.同时,黄墩蚁主要分布于羊草较多的生境中,对周围环境差异反应敏感,也可以作为羊草草原退化的指示物种之一.图3表2参15