基于故障树分析的建设工程风险识别系统

目前工程风险识别的效率较低，也缺少有效的风险识别方法。通过分析工程特性、风险特点和现有的风险识别方法，提出了在工程风险识别中大规模地引入故障树技术，以实现风险知识共享，提高风险识别和度量的效率。初步构建了以分部分项工程为识别单位，以故障树为主要分析模型，依托信息技术的工程风险识别和度量系统。     

AN ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF HAWAII'S WATER INSTITUTIONS1

ABSTRACT: The problem of allocating scarce water resources among competing uses and users over time in Hawaii is addressed within the context of analytical institutional economics. The nature of this problem has been, in recent years, highly complicated by important institutional changes that control operating decisions for water supply and water pollution. Whereas the imbalance in governmental initiatives regarding changes in the system of water rights (predominantly state) and environmental laws (predominantly federal) are based on U.S. constitutional provisions, the more fundamental roots of the crucial legal doctrines involved have been traced back to the common property concept. This suggests that the more promising opportunities for meeting the water policy challenges of the state are to be found in the historical common property system (ahupua'a) of Hawaii.     

基于多故障冲击模型和故障树的PFDavg计算方法研究*

为提高安全仪表功能（SIF）要求时危险失效平均概率（PFDavg）计算结果的精确度,提出1种能准确计算SIF在多重共因失效影响下的PFDavg的数学模型。建立包含多重共因失效的系统失效故障树,然后利用多故障冲击模型区分普通失效率和多重共因失效率,根据瞬时不可用率的定义和故障树的逻辑关系计算出SIF的瞬时不可用率;基于PFDavg的定义,计算出SIF的PFDavg,以某化工企业SIF为例进行验证。结果表明:方法有效考虑了多重共因失效对SIF的影响,通过模型计算出SIF的PFDavg大于基于马尔可夫（Markov）方法的软件计算结果,但二者处于相同的数量级。模型在评估SIF的PFDavg时比传统方法偏保守,能提高安全仪表功能的安全性。     

海岸带资源开发利用的环境影响经济评价研究

通过对海岸带资源开发利用的外部性特征的分析,提出对开发项目进行环境影响经济评价.同时对海岸带资源开发利用环境影响经济评价的具体步骤:建立影响因子名录、建立影响名录、影响的筛选分析、影响的量化、影响的货币化(文献筛选、价值调整、计算经过贴现的总值)及估算因素分析等依次进行了阐述,理论上环境影响的经济评价是促进海岸带资源有效配置的一个重要手段.在很大程度上可以抑制单一开发项目的外部不经济性给海岸带公共物品资源和公众社会福利造成的不利影响;可以弥补现行的单一项目环境影响评价和常规经济分析中较少考虑环境影响量化的不足.     

南渡江水质评价浅析

采用共源点灰色聚类法对南渡江海口水域 1 993年枯水期水质进行评价 ,结论为I类水质。与共斜率灰色聚类法进行比较 ,该法更简化 ,加权含义更确切。     

舟山地震台数字地震仪常见故障及其排除方法

在地震台站,地震计与模数转换器,计算机,通讯设备一起构成一个系统,系统中任何一个环节不能正常工作,都会影响整个系统。判断系统究竟是哪一部份有故障,需要冷静分析,对比试验,逐一排除。故障现象可能一样,但原因可能有多种。因此,不仅要了解系统的工作原理,还要有一定的工作积累,才能迅速准确地找到故障原因并排除。     

自动扶梯及其端部防火卷帘消防联动隐患与对策

分析了自动扶梯及其端部防火卷帘的消防联动控制系统的特点与隐患，提出了火灾报警后应切断报警层及所有相关层扶梯电源和自动扶梯两端防火卷帘火警时采用适当延时、二次落底联动控制方式的解决方案。     

Removal of trace arsenic（V） and phosphate from water by a highly selective ligand exchange adsorbent

The ligand exchange adsorbent could be used to remove the toxic arsenic(V) and phosphate efficiently from water even in the presence of foreign anions and possible to apply in chemical industry.     

应用对地观测卫星遥感数据建立共享平台

以整合、共享为宗旨,充分利用现有的大量遥感数据建立综合卫星遥感应用和服务的公共平台。通过WebGIS形式,实现用户的网上浏览及分析处理,从而达到提高遥感数据使用率,实现其社会效益及经济效益的目的。     

Instrumental and bio-monitoring of heavy metal and nanoparticle emissions from diesel engine exhaust in controlled environment

In the present article we characterized the emissions at the exhaust of a Common Rail (CR) diesel engine, representative of lightduty class, equipped with a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) in controlled environment. The downstream exhausts were directly analyzed (for PM, CO, CO2, O2, HCs, NOx) by infrared and electrochemical sensors, and SEM-EDS microscope; heavy metals were chemically analyzed using mosses and lichens in bags, and glass-fibre filters all exposed at the engine exhausts. The highest particle emission value was in the 7–54 nm size range; the peak concentration rose until one order of magnitude for the highest load and speed. Particle composition was mainly carbonaceous, associated to noticeable amounts of Fe and silica fibres. Moreover, the content of Cu, Fe, Na, Ni and Zn in both moss and lichen, and of Al and Cr in moss, was significantly increased. Glass-fibre filters were significantly enriched in Al, B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Na, and Zn. The role of diesel engines as source of carbonaceous nanoparticles has been confirmed, while further investigations in controlled environment are needed to test the catalytic muffler as a possible source of silica fibres considered very hazardous for human health.