崇明东滩不同部位的季节性沉积研究

2002年4月至2003年4月，通过对崇明东滩南部、中部和北部的标志桩观测以及实地观测分析，发现崇明东滩在一年中不同季节冲淤变化过程存在很大差异：春季到夏季，南部以冲刷为主，中部和北部以淤积为主；夏季到秋季，南部和中部以淤积为主，北部表现为冲刷；秋季到冬季，南部、中部和北部都以冲刷为主；头一年冬季到次年春季，南部和北部以淤积为主，中部则表现为冲刷。在同一观测路线上，不同季节高、中、低潮滩冲淤也存在一定差异。通过对沉积物粒度、水体含沙量等指标的测试，并借助潮差等资料，探究了影响潮滩季节性沉积的因素，发现潮滩季节性沉积与潮滩基础地貌、水体含沙量、水动力、潮流等有密切关系；但在不同部位不同季节，各因素对潮滩冲淤影响程度各不相同。     

An Ecologically Destabilized Environment: Its Effect on Small-Mammal Populations

Characteristics of the small-mammal populations inhabiting forest biocenoses in the Middle Ural state reserves have been analyzed over in the period from 1987 to 2002. During this period, the habitats of these animals were considerably destabilized due to windfalls and fires. The environmental characteristics of animal microhabitats at different stages of environment destabilization have been described quantitatively. Changes in the long-term cycles of the population dynamics of the dominant forest vole species caused by the destabilizing factors have been found. Redistribution of species dominance with respect to abundance has been demonstrated.     

推进我国减灾事业的三个支柱

本文阐述推进我国减灾事业的3个支柱,即:(1)发挥政府的主导作用;(2)重视科学技术在减灾中的作用;(3)依靠全民的参与。     

城市社区工作研究的思路和方法

社区(Community)是一个有着明确边界、范围和居住着有各方面联系的人的社会区域。社区的建设和发展是一种有目标、有计划的引导社会变迁的行动过程,是一项庞大而复杂的系统工程。本文提出了社区工作研究的总体构思;并建立了由人口、教科文、生活质量、社会保障、健康水平、妇女地位、环境保护等因素组成的社区综合发展评价指标体系;并构造了综合评价数学模型。     

Public Participation and Effective Water Governance at the Local Level: A Case Study from a Small Under-Developed Area in Chile

The concept of participation in rural development has been evolutionary for the past two decades with those involved, such as development agencies and governments, particularly in rural water supply, re-evaluating their active role. The move towards effective community participation has encouraged a shift from the traditional top-down to a bottom-up approach whereby there is a decentralisation of unevenly distributed resources and power to empower a community and allow mobility of ‘people participation’. The Molinos water project is the first large-scale development project of its kind introduced into the village of Molinos in an under-developed area of Chile, where there has been no tradition of people participation. The project objective was to implement a low technology, low budget water treatment plant to the village of Molinos. Various aspects have hindered the continued development of the project including both technical and financial. In terms of people participation, the initial approach used was the top-down approach. There was a failure to fully integrate the community or inform the community in a formal manner about the project and consult them regarding key project issues. This case study illustrates that the lack of comprehensive consultation and the low level of participation of the community on the participatory scale does not achieve much in terms of people-centred benefits. For governance at the local level to be effective, participation should be inclusive and communicative so as to enhance transparency throughout the project lifetime. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.     

江苏泰州城市霾天和沙尘天气溶胶中细菌群落结构特征研究

近年来,空气污染已成为长三角地区最关键的环境问题之一,气溶胶颗粒物(PM)是最主要的污染物之一.生物气溶胶作为颗粒物的重要组成部分,可能对空气质量和人体健康产生不利影响.利用高通量测序方法研究了江苏省泰州2019年11月至2020年1月期间发生沙尘和霾污染时生物气溶胶中细菌群落结构组成特征.结果表明:冬季沙尘天和霾天气...     

高效厌氧产甲烷颗粒污泥中微生物多样性及定量化研究

以小试高效厌氧反应器不同运行阶段的颗粒污泥为对象,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和实时定量链式聚合酶反应(RTQ-PCR)等技术研究了其中微生物种群的多样性、特征微生物的空间分布和定量关系,结果表明:随着反应器有机负荷逐渐提高,颗粒污泥中古菌的群落结构的变化较细菌更为明显;细菌多分布在颗粒外层,而古菌则主要分布在颗粒内层;古菌含量略少于细菌,但有逐渐增多的趋势;产甲烷丝菌在古菌中的含量增加明显.