多元复合调理剂对镉砷污染农田土壤微生物群落结构的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,研究多元复合调理剂(石灰石、铁粉、硅肥和钙镁磷肥,简称LISP)对土壤基本理化性质、Cd和As的生物有效性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果 表明,LISP可改变土壤基本理化性质,降低土壤有效态Cd和As含量,并改变土壤微生物群落结构.在0.4％的LISP添加下,土壤pH值、有效磷和总磷含量较CK处理分别显...     

基于臭氧旁路处理的污泥原位减量技术工艺

探究基于臭氧旁路处理的污泥原位减量技术在不同臭氧含量以及不同污泥龄条件下的工艺参数和污泥性质.本研究发现75 mg?g-1(以O3/MLVSS计)为实现污泥减量并维持污水处理系统正常处理能力较为适宜的臭氧含量,该含量下的臭氧旁路处理后污泥产率系数Yh从0.331 g?g-1减少到0.326 g?g-1,衰减系数Kd从0...     

零价铁预厌氧协同MFC强化降解吲哚性能与功能菌群分析

通过零价铁(ZVI)预厌氧与微生物燃料电池(MFC)的协同作用,研究其对单一基质碳源吲哚的降解特性、MFC产电性能及群落分析.结果表明:ZVI(4 g·L-1)的预厌氧可明显促进吲哚(250 mg·L-1)在MFC体系中的降解;其中吲哚与TOC在96 h内的降解率分别为97.17％和89.50％,且吲哚的降解符合一级反...     

厌氧氨氧化启动过程细菌群落多样性及PICRUSt2功能预测分析

细菌群落是实现厌氧氨氧化系统高效脱氮的核心,而厌氧氨氧化启动过程细菌群落多样性及其功能特征仍未被充分阐明.本研究采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器进行厌氧氨氧化系统启动,利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术并结合PICRUSt2功能预测分析,研究启动过程不同时间(d0、d30、d60和d90)细菌群落多样性及功能...     

围垦养殖对中国典型滨海湿地土壤真菌多样性及群落结构影响

本研究以我国黄河口碱蓬湿地、九龙江口桐花树湿地、东寨港木榄湿地为研究样地,借助高通量测序技术探究这3个典型滨海湿地围垦养殖前、后土壤真菌多样性及群落结构的变化.结果表明:①不同地域湿地围垦养殖对土壤真菌群落多样性及丰富度影响表现不一致.九龙江口桐花树湿地围垦后,土壤真菌多样性及丰富度有所下降;黄河口碱蓬湿地和东寨港木榄...     

一体式厌氧氨氧化反应器常温运行与微生物群落研究

为明确温度对一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺的影响,本研究通过降温实现了一体式厌氧氨氧化工艺22℃下的常温运行,探究了微生物活性和群落结构随温度的变化.反应器采用自配进水?间歇曝气方式运行,进水NH4+-N浓度约254mgN/L,试验过程出水NO2--N浓度稳定在在10mg/L以下,但NO3--N随着降温有升高的趋势;总氮容积负荷...     

纳米氧化锌粒径效应对人工湿地运行性能的影响

为考察ZnO NPs粒径效应对人工湿地运行性能的影响,在进水COD约为216.00 mg·L-1、总氮约为11.10 mg·L-1和总磷约为3.84 mg·L-1的条件下连续运行126 d,对暴露于不同粒径ZnO NPs(10.00mg·L-1)的人工湿地脱氮除磷性能、填料渗透系数、胞外聚合物(extracellula...     

A Microcosm Approach to the Detection of the Effects of Herbicide Spray Drift in Plant Communities

It is often difficult to measure and predict the impacts of toxic chemicals, such as herbicides, on natural communities. This is especially true under conditions of spray drift when the amount received by the organisms downwind from the sprayer may be at sub-lethal doses. Laboratory experiments are either artificial, or have not been generally carried out over long enough time periods, to be realistic. Field experiments are often difficult because of the high variability inherent in natural populations. Here an intermediate microcosm approach was used, where standardized artificial communities (eight dicotyledons with and without a grass) were tested. The artifical communities included species typical of British woodland margins, hedgerows and field margins; communities with a high conservation interest, yet potentially under threat from spray drift. The microcosms were placed downwind of a sprayer and exposed to one of the following herbicides: glyphosate, mecoprop and MCPA. This approach ensures that the communities were standardized at the start and have been exposed to realistic doses of herbicide. The experiments reported here were carried out for at least three years with exposures to herbicides repeated each year. The effects of differential herbicide exposure downwind of the sprayer were measured on species yield, flowering performance, seed production, seed viability and invasion by new species. Responses were extremely variable, but all species showed some effects in some years. Some patterns emerged. For example, one group of species appeared to be more successful near to the sprayer. This was particularly true of the grass when exposed to MCPA and mecoprop. The performance of most species was reduced under the sprayer, and there was a general recovery with increasing distance downwind. A few species showed increased performance in the intermediate downwind zone (2–4 m) and this may be due to a hormonal effect on growth processes, or an effect of reduced interference from other community members. Generally, there were few effects on seed production or seed viability. An important result was that most effects were confined within an 8 m zone, as there were few significant differences between plants exposed at 8 m and those untreated. Although damaging effects were found in the immediate downwind zone from the sprayer, the restriction of effects to 8 m suggests that a buffer zone of this size would be adequate to protect sensitive habitats from most deleterious impacts on community processes.     

绿色社区的创建与发展

保护生存环境、倡导绿色生活、提高人居环境，已成为当今世界发展的主流。创建绿色人居环境社会形象是把环境保护落实到基层社区的有效途径。我区许多地方近年来也纷纷在社区（小区）开展绿色创建活动。本文就绿色社区的创建、涵义、社会意义和发展等方面作简要的阐述和概括。