生物接触氧化+植物一体化装置处理小城镇污水试验研究

利用“生物接触氧化+植物”一体化装置处理城镇污水,试验最终选用悬浮多面球作填料,采用射流曝气,控制进水流量为0.45 m3/h,进水浓度为COD 63～467 mg/L、NH3-N 11.21～52.7 mg/L、TN 28.6 ～63.5mg/L和TP １.1～6.42 mg/L时,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别达到88％、86％、70％、60％以上,出水COD≤30 mg/L,NH3-N≤5 mg/L、TN≤13 mg/L、TP≤0.5 mg/L.水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,具有较好的工程应用前景.     

高级氧化技术降解含氮除草剂的研究进展

目前,含氮除草剂已在全球范围内得到广泛使用,随着其不断的排入水体,会对水体生态环境和人体健康造成严重危害。介绍了几种主要的高级氧化技术降解含氮除草剂的机理,并综述了国内外利用高级氧化技术在降解含氮除草剂领域所取得的研究进展,为开发新的降解含氮除草剂技术提供参考。     

Advanced treatment of wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation

A three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(3D-EC) reactor with introduction of activated carbon(AC) as particle micro-electrodes was applied for the advanced treatment of secondary wastewater effluent of a wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing plant. Under the optimized conditions(current density of 500 A/m~2, circulation rate of 5 mL/min, AC dosage of 50 g, and chloride concentration of 1.0 g/L), the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(cr)), NH3–N, total organic carbon(TOC), and ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm(UV_(254)) of the 3D-EC reactor were 64.5%, 60.8%, 46.4%, and 64.8%, respectively; while the corresponding effluent concentrations of COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) were 76.6, 20.1, and42.5 mg/L, and 0.08 Abs/cm, respectively. The effluent concentration of COD_(cr) was less than 100 mg/L, which showed that the treated wastewater satisfied the demand of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978-1996). The 3D-EC process remarkably improved the treatment efficiencies with synergistic effects for COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) during the stable stage of 44.5%, 38.8%, 27.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, as compared with the sum of the efficiencies of a two-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(2D-EC) reactor and an AC adsorption process, which was ascribed to the numerous micro-electrodes of AC in the 3D-EC reactor. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis revealed that electrochemical treatment did not generate more toxic organics, and it was proved that the increase in acute biotoxicity was caused primarily by the production of free chlorine.     

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成系统脱汞研究

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成处理系统是专门针对典型含汞废物安全处置而开发的,可以同时有效控制汞等多种复合气体污染物。通过检测热解炉后烟气中和等离子体反应器入口、出口气体中Hg0和Hg2+浓度,研究汞的价态转化及添加剂对脱汞效果的影响。结果表明:热解烟气中Hg2+/HgT为17%~45%,Hg0/HgT为55%~83%,热解温度主要影响汞价态分布,WMC添加量主要影响汞浓度值;加入添加剂会促进汞的脱除,但添加剂过量不利于汞的氧化;热解炉中添加50 g WMC和5 g升华硫添加剂时,反应器内Hg0氧化率和总汞损失率分别可达55%和42%。该研究可以为探索新型含汞废物处置工艺,实现含汞废物深度净化提供新思路。     

化学氧化耦合电动力技术修复有机污染土壤

有机污染物严重危害着我国土壤环境。探讨了电动力技术修复有机污染土壤的可行性及相关参数的变化特性,并探究了电动力修复耦合化学氧化工艺及表面活性剂辅助等多种措施对修复效果的影响。结果表明:表面活性剂辅助反应可帮助提高有机污染物溶解性与迁移性能,从而提高修复效果;采用KMn O4氧化耦合电动力工艺修复受污染高岭土时有着最佳的修复效率,污染物平均去除率可达70%。     

TC4钛合金厚板电偶腐蚀与防护研究

目的研究TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。方法通过测定TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢组成的电偶对的电偶电流方法,研究TC4钛合金厚板与上述异种材料之间发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。结果 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金、钢接触时极易发生电偶腐蚀,不能直接接触使用,必须采取有效的防护措施。对钛合金和铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,可降低电偶腐蚀敏感性;对钛合金进行阳极氧化处理,同时对钢进行电镀镉-钛处理可以在一定程度上降低电偶腐蚀敏感性。结论 TC4钛合金厚板与铝合金及钢的电偶腐蚀敏感性高,表面处理可以有效降低异种材料的电偶腐蚀敏感性。     

含硫废水受控氧化及单质硫团聚过程研究

采用过氧化氢在常温常压下对模拟含硫废水进行受控氧化,探讨了受控氧化过程对单质硫收率的影响,并对氧化过程中固相产物的形态特性进行了研究.结果表明,在过氧化氢投加量为9 m L·L-1、初始p H为6、反应时间为10min条件下,将反应体系氧化还原电位(ORP)控制在(30±5)m V时能较好实现含硫废水的受控氧化,此时单质硫收率达76.35%,当体系ORP由(-50±5)m V升高至(50±5)m V时,副产物S2O2-3收率显著下降,由26.54%下降至5.32%.X射线衍射分析表明,氧化过程中的固相产物主要为正交晶系斜方硫;扫描电子显微镜分析表明,液相中的单质硫由多个极小的颗粒聚集而成,其粒径由纳米级逐渐增大至微米级.同时,通过向反应体系中加入分散剂证明了单质硫颗粒增大的主要原因是颗粒间发生了团聚.     

柠檬酸对核电站低放废液中110mAg吸附去除性能的影响

具有γ放射性的~(110m)Ag是核电站放射性废液中的主要核素之一,半衰期长,并且可以通过食物链在海洋生物中富集,研究其高效去除技术具有重要的意义.核电站化学去污过程加入的络合剂(如柠檬酸)对~(110m)Ag的化学形态和吸附性能有重要的影响.因此,本文首先模拟核电站水化学环境,研究了柠檬酸对~(110m)Ag化学形态的影响规律,其次研究了不同形态的~(110m)Ag物种在几种优选材料上的吸附性能.结果表明,由于核电站放射性废液的来源不同,柠檬酸与~(110m)Ag同时形成离子态络合物和~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸纳米金属复合物;采用过氧化氢与紫外线联合高级氧化的方法能够破坏柠檬酸络合离子及~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸复合物结构,形成单独的离子态~(110m)Ag+,从而有效地提高了~(110m)Ag物种的吸附去除性能.     

Layered sphere-shaped TiO2 capped with gold nanoparticles on structural defects and their catalysis of formaldehyde oxidation

We describe here a one-step method for the synthesis of Au/TiO₂ nanosphere materials, which were formed by layered deposition of multiple anatase TiO₂ nanosheets. The Au nanoparticles were stabilized by structural defects in each TiO₂ nanosheet, including crystal steps and edges, thereby fixing the Au–TiO₂ perimeter interface. Reactant transfer occurred along the gaps between these TiO₂ nanosheet layers and in contact with catalytically active sites at the Au–TiO₂ interface. The doped Au induced the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Au–TiO₂ interface. Such vacancies are essential for generating active oxygen species (*O⁻) on the TiO₂ surface and Ti^3 + ions in bulk TiO₂. These ions can then form Ti^3 +–O⁻–Ti^4 + species, which are known to enhance the catalytic activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation. These studies on structural and oxygen vacancy defects in Au/TiO₂ samples provide a theoretical foundation for the catalytic mechanism of HCHO oxidation on oxide-supported Au materials.     

纳米Fe_3O_4强化混凝-Fenton氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用纳米Fe_3O_4与Fe Cl3制备复合混凝剂,利用混凝沉淀-Fenton氧化工艺预处理垃圾渗滤液原水,研究其处理效果。结果表明:在纳米Fe_3O_4投加量为2 g/L,Fe Cl3投加量为1.4 g/L时制备的复合混凝剂,在p H值为6.5,转速为300 r/min下快速搅拌1 min,转速为100 r/min下慢速搅拌30 min,沉淀时间为30 min的条件下,COD去除率为56.8%,ρ(COD)可由5 240 mg/L降低到2 264 mg/L;利用Fenton氧化处理混凝处理出水,在H_2O_2的投加量为5.5 g/L,n(H_2O_2)∶n(Fe2+)=4,p H值为6,反应时间为80 min,反应温度为25℃的最佳条件下,COD和氨氮的去除率分别为55.7%和40.1%,最终出水ρ(COD)和ρ(氨氮)分别为1 003 mg/L和670 mg/L;该组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液有较好的处理效果,COD、色度和氨氮的去除率分别为80.8%、59.5%和76.2%。