Oxidative removal of acetaminophen using zero valent aluminum-acid system: Efficacy, influencing factors, and reaction mechanism

Commercial available zero valent aluminum under air-equilibrated acidic conditions (ZVAl/H⁺/air system) demonstrated an excellent capacity to remove aqueous organic compounds. Acetaminophen (ACTM), the active ingredient of the over-the-counter drug Tylenol^®, is widely present in the aquatic environment and therefore the treatment of ACTM-contaminated water calls for further research. Herein we investigated the oxidative removal of ACTM by ZVAl/H⁺/air system and the reaction mechanism. In acidic solutions (pH < 3.5), ZVAl displayed an excellent capacity to remove ACTM. More than 99% of ACTM was eliminated within 16 hr in pH 1.5 reaction solutions initially containing 2.0 g/L aluminum and 2.0 mg/L ACTM at 25 ± 1\textcelsius. Higher temperature and lower pH facilitated ACTM removal. The addition of different iron species Fe⁰, Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ into ZVAl/H⁺/air system dramatically accelerated the reaction likely due to the enhancing transformation of H₂O₂ to HO. via Fenton's reaction. Furthermore, the primary intermediate hydroquinone and the anions formate, acetate and nitrate, were identified and a possible reaction scheme was proposed. This work suggested that ZVAl/H⁺/air system may be potentially employed to treat ACTM-contaminated water.     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

硝酸盐对矿化垃圾中兼/厌氧甲烷氧化的影响

设计全因子实验研究了NO-3-N对填埋10~12 a的矿化垃圾中兼/厌氧甲烷氧化作用的影响.结果表明,兼/厌氧条件下,NO-3-N能促进矿化垃圾中CH4的去除.初始CH4和NO-3-N对CH4去除和N2产生有明显影响,且两者具有交互作用(P<0.05).CH4去除量随着初始CH4体积分数的增加而增加,添加一定含量的NO-3-N能促进CH4去除,同时通入一定体积分数CH4可以明显促进反硝化作用,说明矿化垃圾中NO-3-N还原能与兼/厌氧甲烷氧化耦合.本实验条件下,初始CH4体积分数为30%,NO-3-N含量为110 mg·kg-1时耦合效应较好.     

二级SBR系统处理染料废水长期运行的稳定性

考察了处理染料废水的二级SBR系统在连续运行120个周期过程中的稳定性.系统的运行先后经历了低染料浓度和高染料浓度2种情况.试验发现在长期运行过程中,二级SBR系统对进水水质及操作条件具有良好的适应性;能够有效去除废水中的污染物,对染料的平均去除率为81%～92.5%,对COD的平均去除率为89.4%～93.1%;出水水质比较稳定.在二级SBR系统中,厌氧污泥活性高,降解污染物能力强;好氧活性污泥形成团簇状结构,有利于稳定出水水质.     

催化剂及其制备对催化湿式氧化反应的影响

催化湿式氧化法是一种有效的处理有毒、有害、高浓度有机废水的水处理技术,文章专门针对催化剂本身的制备对催化湿式氧化的影响,以及催化剂的失活、再生、重复利用等研究做出总结,以期对有关研究者提供一定的参考。     

不同载体材料对厌氧氨氧化效果影响的研究

文章分别采用水性聚氨酯(WPU)和活性炭2种材料作为生物载体,在2个不同的上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器中接种包埋污泥和生物活性炭,采用人工配水进行连续实验,观测厌氧氨氧化反应器启动过程中各种含氮化合物的变化,以考察不同载体材料对厌氧氨氧化过程的影响。文章在生物活性炭反应器中成功驯化了采自污水处理厂的普通厌氧污泥,证明了从环境中驯化培养厌氧氨氧化菌的可能性。通过2个阶段中脱氮效率的比较,发现以水性聚氨酯包埋材料作为未驯化细菌载体并无明显优势,反而成为传质的障碍;而采用生物活性炭则可以迅速达到提高局部生物量、聚集功能菌、屏蔽不利环境的干扰等作用,是理想的微生物载体。     

外源甜菜碱投加增强高盐废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能

废水因含盐量高而导致其生物处理效率降低,对于如何提高高盐环境下的生物处理效率已成为目前的研究热点.采用厌氧氨氧化工艺处理高盐废水,以不同甜菜碱浓度对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能为研究对象,探讨了甜菜碱对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能的影响.结果表明：①投加甜菜碱对系统脱氮效能有明显的改善作用,甜菜碱浓度为0.1~0.4 mmol·L^-1时,添加甜菜碱缓解了盐胁迫对厌氧氨氧化菌生长的抑制,也促进了反硝化菌的生长;甜菜碱浓度为0.4~0.5 mmol·L^-1时,推测反硝化菌为优势菌群,但对总氮去除表现为促进作用.甜菜碱浓度大于0.5 mmol·L^-1后,添加甜菜碱已无法缓解盐胁迫对反应器脱氮效能的抑制,最终在甜菜碱浓度0.8 mmol·L^-1时对反应器产生完全抑制.②甜菜碱的添加浓度为0.3 mmol·L^-1时,反应去除效能达到最佳,NH₄⁺-N和NO₂^--N分别提升了16%和32%,NRR提升了26.8%.③在最后的恢复试验中,随着甜菜碱浓度的降低反应器脱氮效能得到快速恢复,NH₄⁺-N恢复到50.6%,NO₂^--N平均去除率为63.7%,NRR恢复到0.65 kg·（m³·d）^-1,这说明甜菜碱对反应器的影响是可逆的.     

超临界水氧化法降解氧乐果的研究

实验研究了有机磷农药氧乐果在超临界水中的氧化降解．结果表明,超临界水氧化技术能有效地降解氧乐果废水．随着反应温度的升高、压力的增大、停留时间的延长,COD去除率也随之提高氧乐果在超临界水中氧化降解的动力学方程为：－d［COD］/dτ＝1.60eｘp（－2.25×10⁴/RT）［COD］^0.90［O₂］₀^-0.38［H₂O₀^0.053.     

铜/海泡石催化净化CO性能的研究

以改性海泡石为载体,用真空浸渍法、沉积沉淀法和离子交换法负载Cu,制备Cu/海泡石催化剂,以CO氧化为模型反应考察该催化剂的催化氧化性能。在对比评价催化剂活性的同时,考察了不同条件下载体的改性以及铁组分的掺杂对催化氧化CO性能的影响。研究表明,制备方法对催化剂活性具有显著影响,真空浸渍法和沉积沉淀法制备的样品中,负载量为5%(质量)的Cu/海泡石催化剂对CO氧化有较高的活性。载体的改性亦对Cu/海泡石催化剂产生较大影响;Fe的加入并没有明显改善Cu/海泡石的催化性能。     

O3/H2O2去除水中硝基苯效果与机理

以硝基苯为目标反应物,对O₃/H₂O₂体系氧化去除水中硝基苯的效果和机理进行了研究,考察了pH值、H₂O₂剂量、自由基抑制剂或促进剂对硝基苯的去除效果的影响.研究发现,在pH≤7时,H₂O₂促进臭氧化去除硝基苯的效果较为明显,当H₂O₂投加量从1.0 mg/L增加到4.0 mg/L时,在氧化5 min内,硝基苯