五里塘生态农场有机废弃物的资源化生态工艺

上海市松江县五里塘生态农场以沼气工程、氧化沟和鱼塘围网养鸭为主的生态工程,有效地利用了农场产生的大量禽畜粪便并解决了沼液,沼渣的二次污染问题;在沼气池上建玻璃温室保温,使沼气池能正常越冬从而得以周年运转.生态工程的建立,取得了良好的经济、生态和环境效益.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances with TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-coated glass micro-spheres

The photocatalytic oxidation of humic substances in aqueous solutions and natural waters with TiO₂ attached to buoyant, hollow glass micro-spheres was studied. A maximum oxidation efficiency of 3.6 mg W^–1 h^–1 was achieved in neutral or alkaline media at a plane surface concentration of the catalyst attached to the micro-spheres of 25 g m^–2. Proceeding by different mechanisms in acidic and alkaline media, the photocatalytic oxidation efficiency did not benefit from an excessive presence of hydroxyl radical promoters, hydrogen peroxide and alkali.     

电子受体及中间产物对厌氧氨氧化的影响

研究了厌氧氨氧化混合培养物对不同基质(硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐)的转化特性，确定了氨和硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐转化比例(物质的量)分别为1.085、0.897．亚硝酸盐转化成硝酸盐的比率为14.97％．在培养液中加入厌氧氨氧化的中间产物羟胺可以加速反应的进行．图3表2参9     

氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂的氧化速率及其形态分布

采用氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂，论述了不同亚铁溶液中氧化水解动力学、氧化过程PH值变化以及不同反应过程对聚合氯化铁形态分布的影响；结果表明，氯化亚铁溶液的氧化速率主要受溶液的含酸量和三价铁离子的水解聚合反应的协同效应的影响，当溶液酸量达到最低点时，亚铁氧化速度也将降至最慢；通过形态分布、稳定性及氧化速度的研究确定了制备聚合氯化铁的最佳条件。     

Electrochemical degradation of the dye indigo carmine at boron-doped diamond anode for wastewaters remediation

Here we demonstrate that anodic oxidation with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode can be applied to the remediation of wastewaters containing indigo carmine. This environmentally friendly method decontaminates completely acid and alkaline aqueous solutions of this dye. The degradation rate increases with increasing current and dye concentration. Indigo carmine is more rapidly removed in alkaline than in acid medium, but its kinetics does not follow a defined reaction order. Isatin 5-sulfonic acid is the main aromatic product formed. Oxalic and oxamic acids are generated as ultimate carboxylic acids. The nitrogen of the dye is converted into NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻.     

氮肥对旱地土壤甲烷氧化能力的影响

甲烷是重要的温室气体之一，对全球变暖的贡献率是20％。大气中甲烷浓度的迅速增加与甲烷的源和汇的不平衡有关。土壤中存在甲烷氧化菌，在一定条件下可以氧化大气中的甲烷。不过土壤对甲烷的氧化能力受一些农业生产活动的影响。氮肥的施用对土壤甲烷氧化有一定的影响。长期定位施肥实验的结果表明氮肥对土壤甲烷氧化的影响主要来源于铵态氮而不是硝态氮，因为氨对甲烷氧化有着竞争性抑制作用。此外，长期施用氮肥还改变了土壤微生物的区系及其活性，从而降低甲烷的氧化速率。氮肥施用的短期效应则与土壤的耕作管理历史、土壤性质、氮肥施用量等因素有关。有机肥对土壤甲烷氧化的影响比化肥要低得多，其物理化学性质及施用方法的不同都会影响到土壤对甲烷的氧化。     

污水处理厂实现生产设备夜间无人化操作和管理的设想

对污水处理厂实现夜间无人化管理进行了探讨,并通过实例提出了实现这种管理所需条件,指出了这种管理模式的可行性.     

Mechanism studies on nitrogen removal when treating ammonium-rich leachate by sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The nitrogen removal mechanism was studied and analyzed when treating the ammonium-rich landfill leachate by a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs), which was designed independently. At the liquid temperature of (32 ± 0.4)°C, and after a 58-days domestication period and a 33-days stabilization period, the efficiency of ammonium removal in the SBBR went up to 95%. Highly frequent intermittent aeration suppressed the activity of nitratebacteria, and also eliminated the influence on the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) bacteria and nitritebacteria. This influence was caused by the accumulation of nitrous acid and the undulation of pH. During the aeration stage, the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled at 1.2–1.4 mg/L. The nitritebacteria became dominant and nitrite accumulated gradually. During the anoxic stage, along with the concentration debasement of the dissolved oxygen, ANAMMOX bacteria became dominant; then, the nitrite that was accumulated in the aeration stage was wiped off with ammonium simultaneously. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(1): 55–60 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

超临界水氧化处理分散染料废水中含氮有机物的实验研究

采用H2O2为氧化剂,在连续蒸发壁式反应器中进行了超临界水氧化降解分散染料废水的实验.结果表明:超临界水氧化技术处理分散染料废水时,TOC的去除效果优于TN的去除效果.在25 MPa,380～460℃的条件下,短短30s的时间内,TOC去除率可达到90%以上,而TN去除率却只有45%～60%.随着温度和压力的升高以及氧化剂用量的增加,废水中TN浓度随之下降而NH3-N浓度却随之升高.     

乙醇废水的超临界水氧化处理工艺研究

研究了以超临界水氧化法（SCWO）处理乙醇废水的工艺过程，实验表明，一氧化碳和二氧化碳分别是反应中间产物和最终，550℃，25MPa,停留时间大于15s时，SCWO能将乙醇完全氧化为二氧化碳，达到稳彻底处理的目的，随停留时间增大，湿度升高，乙醇的去除率增大，而压力和氧气浓度的变化对过程没有显著影响。