The Response of Hydrophytes to Environmental Pollution with Heavy Metals

The effects of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺ at low and high concentrations (0.025 and 0.25 mg/ml) on the accumulation capacity, the state of the pigment complex, and photosynthesis rate have been studied in model experiments with three floating hydrophytes (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L., Lemna gibba L., and Potamogeton natans L.) and four submerged hydrophytes (Elodea canadensis Michx., Lemna trisulka L., Ceratophyllum demersum L., and Potamogeton lucens L.). Copper and cadmium are especially toxic at the concentrations studied. The effect of Cu²⁺ was the strongest in hydatophytes, and the effect of Cd²⁺, in pleustophytes. It is hypothesized that the differences between hydrophytes with respect to accumulation of metals and decrease in photosynthesis rate may cause predominant elimination of submerged species. Therefore, changes in the species structure of hydrophyte communities may be expected in waters polluted with metals.     

长江上游重庆段近20 a降水时空变化特征

全球气候变暖背景下,中国的降水分布日趋复杂,气象灾害造成的损失巨大。为满足防灾减灾与水资源管理的数据支撑需求,基于长江上游重庆段近20 a降水数据,利用线性回归、M-K非参数检验等方法,探究降水的时间变化趋势与空间分异特征。结果表明：近20 a重庆市年降水量在875.6—1348.2 mm。时间上,春、秋两季呈明显增多的趋势,其中3月最显著。降水在14 a时间尺度的周期过程线中波动最强,是第一主周期。空间分布上,呈西低东高的特点,在渝西和长江河谷地区降水相对偏少,主要受重庆地形的影响;渝西和渝东北地区秋季降水显著增多。研究结果可为长江流域旱涝灾害防治、水资源开发利用及经济社会可持续发展提供数据支撑,同时可为植被修复与生态廊道保障提供参考。     

白腐真菌降解染料反应器微生物群落结构研究

利用DGGE分子标记技术分析了两种白腐真菌生物反应器处理染料废水过程中生物膜微生物群落结构的动态变化及其差异性,结果表明:运行方式和染料废水浓度对敞开式白腐真菌生物反应器处理染料废水过程中生物膜微生物群落结构及其变化趋势有一定影响。序批式反应器运行的起始阶段其生物膜上黄孢原毛平革菌在数量上占绝对优势,但约1个月后逐渐侵染了热带假丝酵母、白地霉和哈茨木霉等杂菌;连续运行的白腐真菌生物反应器虽然在起始阶段存在哈茨木霉等杂菌的侵染,但约3个月后杂菌被逐渐淘汰,黄孢原毛平革菌在数量上重新占据优势,使其有利于发挥高效的降解功能。     

低温条件下SBBR中污泥减量的对比研究

在冬季低温(10.6℃)连续好氧-缺氧以及全泥龄的运行条件下,挂膜成熟后序批式生物膜工艺(SBBR)、投加填料SBR工艺和传统活性污泥法(CAS)工艺的污泥产率分别为0.171kgMLSS/kgCODremoved、0.207kgMLSS/kgCODremoved和0.315kgMLSS/kgCODremoved。三个工艺中SBBR工艺污水处理效果最佳,其对COD、NH4+-N的去除效果分别达到63.94%和85.36%。在冬季运行条件下,试验第10天和第25天在两种SBBR工艺中先后有大量轮虫和线虫等后生动物的滋生,导致出水中总磷(TP)的明显释放,后生动物的滋生有助于污泥的沉降性能的改善,在SBBR中后生动物的滋生有助于提高系统的硝化作用。     

La_(2-x)Sr_xCuO_(4±λ)系列催化剂的合成、表征及NO分解催化性能的研究

合成了x值不同的 La_2.x_Sr_xCuO_(4±λ)(x=0.0—1.0)系列复合氧化物催化剂.用XRD、IR,XPS和化学分析等方法对催化剂的组成、结构进行了表征,并对NO分解的催化性能和作用机理进行了研究.结果表明:在x=0.0—1.0范围内.所有样品都具有A_2BO_4结构.发现NO分解活性与氧空位(缺陷)的浓度有关,与不同价态的Cu离子含量之间无直接关系.     

A novel approach to treat combined domestic wastewater and excess sludge in MBR

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm-aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdrawn, to treat with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000—3500 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant influence on the removals of NHs-N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained.     

OEIS complex (cloacal exstrophy): Prenatal diagnosis in the second trimester

OEIS complex (exstrophy of the cloaca) is an association of fetal malformations that includes omphalocele, exstrophy of the bladder, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. Most cases should be prenatally detectable by maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening, but an accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate counselling of the family.     

新农药环境化学行为研究（V）─—三氟羧草醚（Acifluorfen）在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋ＿ｆ＝０．９４Ｗ＿（ＯＭ）＋０．６５Ｗ＿（ＣＬＡＹ）－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ￣２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与Ｃｕ￣（２＋）形成的双核桥联配合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在＜３５０ｎｍ的光辐照下，易脱羧转化，速度较快，光解产物有较好的稳定性。     

生物法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的动力学问题探讨

依据对生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气过程的生物化学反应类型、过程控制因素和生物膜作用等机理问题的分析研究，定义其为一个以生物膜为有效吸附表面、以活菌体为生物反应活化中心的吸附生物化学反应过程，并据此建立了“吸附生物膜”理论及相应的动力学模式．该模式计算值与实验值之间有较好的相关性（相关系数Ｒ＞０．９５）．结果将为相关的理论研究和实际操作研究提供有益的资料．     

兼氧生物膜法SBR工艺在碱减量废水处理中的应用

兼氧生物膜法SBR工艺融兼氧接触法、间歇式活性污泥法等多种工艺过程于一体,具有独特的工作原理和工艺特征。碱减量废水处理实践初步表明,该工艺耐冲击负荷能力强,处理效果好,与好氧生化工艺结合可以成为一种适用范围广、处理效果稳定的优秀的生化处理工艺。