HRT对CO2-MBfR去除高SO42-废水中NO3--N的影响

针对含NO₃^--N与较高浓度SO₄^2-实际工业废水处理较难的问题,考察了不同水力停留时间（HRT）下连续运行的CO₂-氢基质膜生物膜反应器（CO₂-MBfR）处理模拟废水和实际工业废水的性能,结果表明,2种废水的出水NO₃^--N浓度均随着HRT的减小而增大,模拟废水中NO₃^--N的处理效果和电子通量分配比例均优于实际废水,但其电子通量分配的格局基本不变：NO₃^--N和SO₄^2-的电子通量分别在90.09%~97.49%和2.51%~9.91%左右.要实现实际废水总氮达到15mg/L的排放标准,需维持HRT不少于10.4h.     

Transient modeling of trickling filters for biological ammonia removal

A dynamic model for nitrifying trickling filters is developed, based on material balances in the biofilm and the bulk liquid. The model predicts the profile of ammonia as a function of the operating parameters (volumetric flow rate and feed ammonia concentration) and the biofilm thickness as a function of filter depth and time. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复杂结构隧道火灾烟气逆流与温度分布的数值模拟

隧道结构对火灾具有一定的影响,为了得到大曲率、变坡度复杂结构隧道火灾的烟气特性,依托深圳市某长大公路隧道建设工程,建立隧道模型,利用Star-CD/CCM^+数值模拟软件的烟火向导模块,对不同通风速度下的重型货车火灾进行了模拟研究,分析了不同通风速度下隧道内的纵向温度分布规律。结果表明:火灾热释放速率为30 M W时,无通风条件下,火灾烟气的最高温度位于隧道顶棚下方20 cm处,火源正上方的温度最大达到1190℃,隧道坡度的存在使得火源上游烟气逐渐向下游扩散,下游烟气温度在300 s后保持在500℃以上,该高温会对隧道结构造成一定的损伤;控制烟气逆流的临界风速为4.0 m/s,大于由Wu&Baker经验公式得到的值.表明隧道曲率对流场运动有一定的抑制作用;在该临界风速的作用下,烟气向火源下游扩散,扩散速度为6 m/S,烟气的最高温度降低至550℃,且位置向火源下游偏移6 m。建议火源下游行驶车辆的疏散逃生速度大于6m/s。     

Hp-β-环糊精包络臭氧氧化去除水中PPCPs研究

为提高臭氧的稳定性,采用臭氧化Hp-β-环糊精溶液的方法对臭氧进行包络。考察了臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物的氧化特性,臭氧化量和Hp-β-环糊精浓度对臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物氧化能力的影响,并研究了臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物对二级出水中添加的10种药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的去除效果。结果表明:臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物具有持续的氧化能力,增加臭氧化量或Hp-β-环糊精浓度可显著提升臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物的氧化能力。臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物有较强的氧化性;向0.7 g/L的Hp-β-环糊精溶液中通入6 mg臭氧后,PPCPs的去除率为50%~70%,去除率受PPCPs分子结构影响。臭氧/Hp-β-环糊精包络物氧化可与其他氧化技术联合应用于污染物去除或用作臭氧化后的持续氧化。     

Fe对污水和污泥处理过程中微生物和工艺性能的影响

铁元素作为微生物体内生化所必须的微量元素,影响微生物的生长及污水处理效果。分析了污水和污泥处理过程中,不同浓度和不同价态Fe促进微生物酶的合成和酶促反应的机理,概括了可能导致的微生物群落结构改变的因素;总结了Fe对EPS的分泌、絮体结构的影响,以及Fe加速生物膜的形成和污泥颗粒化的原理。从工艺角度总结了铁元素对UASB、MBR、污泥厌氧消化和生物制氢等工艺的作用,旨在为未来Fe及其他金属元素促进污水处理中微生物活性技术的研究提供思路及借鉴。     

Preliminary investigation of phosphorus adsorption onto two types of iron oxide-organic matter complexes

Iron oxide(FeO)coated by natural organic matter(NOM)is ubiquitous.The associations of minerals with organic matter(OM)significantly changes their surface properties and reactivity,and thus affect the environmental fate of pollutants,including nutrients(e.g.,phosphorus(P)).In this study,ferrihydrite/goethite-humic acid(FH/GE–HA)complexes were prepared and their adsorption characteristics on P at various p H and ionic strength were investigated.The results indicated that the Fe O–OM complexes showed a decreased P adsorption capacity in comparison with bare Fe O.The maximum adsorption capacity(Q_(max))decreased in the order of FH(22.17 mg/g)FH-HA(5.43 mg/g)GE(4.67 mg/g)GE-HA(3.27 mg/g).After coating with HA,the amorphous FH–HA complex still showed higher P adsorption than the crystalline GE–HA complex.The decreased P adsorption observed might be attributed to changes of the Fe O surface charges caused by OM association.The dependence of P adsorption on the specific surface area of adsorbents suggests that the Fe O component in the complexes is still the main contributor for the adsorption surfaces.The P adsorptions on Fe O–HA complexes decreased with increasing initial p H or decreasing initial ionic strength.A strong dependence of P adsorption on ionic strength and p H may demonstrate that outer-sphere complexes between the OM component on the surface and P possibly coexist with inner-sphere surface complexes between the Fe O component and P.Therefore,previous over-emphasis on the contributions of original minerals to P immobilization possibly over-estimates the P loading capacity of soils,especially in humic-rich areas.     

高效重金属捕集剂EDTC的结构表征及对酸性络合铜的去除特性研究

以乙二胺和二硫化碳为反应物,无水乙醇和去离子水的混合溶液为溶剂,制备了一种巯基类重金属捕集剂N,N-双(二硫代羧基)乙二胺(EDTC),采用紫外光谱、红外光谱和元素分析对其结构进行表征,重点研究了其对EDTA络合铜、柠檬酸络合铜和酒石酸铜3种酸性模拟络合铜的去除性能及螯合沉淀物的溶出特性,并探讨了EDTC脱除络合铜的机理.研究结果表明,处理50 mg·L-1的含铜废水,p H值范围为3~9,EDTC投加量为mEDTC/mCu=8(质量比),反应时间3 min,PAM投加量为1 mg·L-1,此时出水Cu2+浓度均低于0.25 mg·L-1,去除率达到99.5%以上.螯合沉淀物在弱酸性和弱碱性条件下很稳定,不易产生二次污染.红外光谱图分析结果表明,EDTC与Cu会发生螯合反应,即EDTC直接脱出络合铜中Cu2+,并与Cu2+生成难溶的螯合产物EDTC-Cu,进而有效地去除废水中Cu.     

Specific antibody for pesticide residue determination produced by antibody-pesticide complex

A new method for specific antibody production was developed using antibody (Ab)-pesticide complex as a unique immunogen. Parathion (PA) was the targeted pesticide, and rabbit polyclonal antibody (Pab) and mouse monoclonal antibody (Mab) were used as carrier proteins. The Ab-PA complexes were generated by conjugating the two antibodies with an excessive dosage of PA. It was shown that the sensitivity of homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the new antibodies was similar to that using original antibodies. However, the new mouse Pab had not only similar positive recognizing spectrum as the original Mab, but also a significantly improved sensitivity in heterologous ELISA when some recognizable competitors were applied. IC₅₀ value of ELISA based on a combination of the new mouse Pab and hapten 9 was 0.24 ng/mL, which was 445.54 times as that of the homologous ELISA. An Ab-pesticide complex may be a suitable alternative immunogen for producing highly specific antibody to improve the immunoassay sensitivity.     

邻避情结下环境影响评价的公众参与研究——以东北地区A市为例

环境影响评价中引入公众参与是尊重与保护建设项目周围民众相关权利的程序.民众在参与基建项目的环境影响评价过程中会针对项目的负外部性表现出明显的邻避情结,甚至引发邻避冲突.文章通过对“邻避”概念的梳理,并针对东北沿海A市的环境影响评价公众参与情况进行分析,在邻避的视角下探讨环评公参的现实情况,并以政府、企业与民众这些不同角色为主体探讨化解邻避冲突的方式.     

Pseudomonas sp. QJX-1的锰氧化特性研究

从锰矿土壤样品中分离、纯化出1株高效锰氧化细菌(QJX-1),经16S rDNA序列鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.QJX-1.研究表明,Pseudomonas sp.QJX-1含有锰氧化的必需成分多铜氧化酶基因CumA,当初始Mn2+为5.05 mg·L-1,菌密度D600为0.020时,该菌可在48 h内将Mn2+转化,且转化率高达99.4%.在寡营养条件下该菌锰氧化速率较富营养条件下有显著提高;添加石英砂滤料促使生物膜的快速形成,进而促进Mn2+的生物转化.根据研究结果推测地下水处理过程中生物锰氧化速率较快.