金属基复合材料的发展趋势

本文回顾了金属基复合材料的沿革与发展，描述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究概况，介绍了金属基复合材料的发展趋势及最新进展，提出了“抢占新材料的制高点，以推动我国高科技领域的持续稳定发展”的观点。     

Enhanced adsorption and colorimetric detection of tetracycline antibiotics by using functional phosphate/carbonate composite with nanoporous network coverage

This work presents efficient tetracycline (TC) antibiotics adsorption using a functional porous phosphate/carbonate composite (PCC). The PCC was fabricated by anion-exchange of phosphate on the surface of vaterite-phase calcium carbonate particle scaffolds. The PCC, having dense nanoporous network coverage with large surface area and pore volume, exhibited excellent TC adsorption in solution. Its adsorption isotherm fitted well to the Freundlich model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 118.72 mg/g. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. From the XPS analysis, the hydrogen bonding and surface complexation were the key interactions in the process. In addition, a colorimetric TC detection method was developed considering its complexation with phosphate ions, originating from PCC dissolution, during adsorption. The method was used to detect TC in mg/L concentrations in water samples. Thus, the multifunctional PCC exhibited potential for use in TC removal and environmental remediation.     

复合功能树脂吸附对苯二酚的热力学研究

研究了复合功能超高交联树脂对水溶液中对苯二酚的静态吸附热力学特征,结果表明:超高交联树脂上引入适量的胺基,可明显地提高树脂的吸附容量。该类树脂对对苯二酚的吸附为自发的放热过程,属于物理吸附过程。     

三相生物流化复合反应器中上升区与下降区气含率的关系

在自行设计的新型蜂窝断面三相生物流化复合反应器中进行了气含率的测定,试验结果表明,总平均气含率和上升区气含率均随表观气速的增加呈直线增加;并且随固含率的增加,气含率也相应增加.根据流体力学的连续性原理,推导出了三相生物流化复合反应器中上升区气含率与下降区气含率的理论关系式,并对其中的重要参数a的取值进行了讨论.试验结果上升区气含率与下降区气含率满足直线的关系,说明随着表观气速和气含率升高,上升区实际液速与下降区实际液速的比值（VLr/VLd）没有明显变化.     

交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备及其对Cr3+的吸附特性

深入研究了交联菌丝体吸附剂的制备工艺及其对Cr3+的吸附特性.交联菌丝体吸附剂制备工艺简单,但在制备过程中,活化剂NaOH和交联剂的用量对吸附特性影响较大.与纯菌丝体吸附剂相比,交联菌丝体吸附剂表观吸附容量提高48%,达到49.83 mg/g(pH=2.53,水溶液中的Cr3+浓度为600mg/L),同时其机械强度明显增强.交联菌丝体吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附特点是将沉淀法与吸附法相结合,将沉淀与吸附两过程合二为一,从而简化了处理工艺,降低了处理成本.     

矿山溜井口粉尘分布特征及治理技术研究*

为解决矿山溜井卸矿过程中粉尘浓度高、现有粉尘治理效果不佳的难题,以某金属矿溜井为研究对象,采用现场实测、理论分析等手段,分析溜井卸矿时粉尘的产生机理、粉尘浓度及粒径分布特征。基于溜井口产尘现状,研发新型复合除尘净化系统,并在该矿山溜井口开展现场试验研究。结果表明:该系统运行后对溜井粉尘除尘效果显著,进化后气流的粉尘浓度控制在2 mg/m3以内,可作为井下通风系统的进风风流,有效地提高了矿井通风系统风流利用率,在矿山生产系统具有广泛的应用前景。     

Zn composite corrosion resistance coatings: What works and what does not work?

Corrosion is one of the most significant contributors to structural degradation in process industries. It causes process equipment failure, which can led to severe safety issues. One approach to address this concern is to provide a preventive barrier-coating to equipment. Due to its superior reductive property, zinc is usually employed as a sacrificial anode in conventional corrosion-resistance methods. Nickel is also used to both mechanically strengthen the barrier and improve overall corrosion resistance; therefore, zinc, zinc-nickel alloys, and zinc-nickel-oxide composite coatings are commonly employed for anti-corrosion purposes. The complexation of zinc and nickel ions by agents (citrate, acetate and EDTA) can stabilize the electrodeposition bath and extend the pH of Ni(OH)₂ and ZnO precipitation to improve corrosion resistance in the resultant coating. This paper reviews the challenge with these type of coatings and presents progress in Zn and Zn-Ni composite corrosion resistance coatings co-deposited with Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃ as means of corrosion control to reduce the probability of process equipment failure due to corrosion, which will improve the overall safety and reliability of processing equipment.     

生物质吸附剂的研究现状——木质素

木质素是自然界中数量仅次于纤维素的可再生资源,每年由造纸工业排放的木质素数量也相当巨大。木质素具有丰富的官能团,是复杂的芳香族聚合物,如何资源化利用低成本原料——木质素是一个值得研究的课题。主要介绍木质素作为吸附剂的研究状况,其中包括木质素改性前后的吸附性能,并探讨了木质素基吸附剂的发展趋势。     

固定含氚泵油吸附剂性能实验研究

选择蛭石、粘土、Norcha Petrobond polymer 3类材料作为泵油的吸附剂,实验研究了它们的吸附性能,包括吸附剂的吸油率、吸附速度、渗油率、体积膨胀率与抗压能力。实验结果表明,采用油质比为1的膨胀蛭石、油质比为0.3的云南高岭土以及油质比为3的N910吸附泵油,3个月后的累计渗油率分别为0.482%、0.263%和0.047%,渗油率较低,并能满足0.3MPa的压力的要求,稳定性能好。最后经综合考虑,推荐采用膨胀蛭石或Norcha Petrobond N910作为含氚泵油的吸附剂。     

HIPS阻燃复合材料三元潜在火灾危险性评价

将高抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂颗粒(纳米/微米级)、十溴二苯乙烷颗粒、三氧化二锑、弹性体、分散剂和偶联剂通过一步熔融共混工艺先行制备UL94 V-0级阻燃母粒,再将其与HIPS本体树脂按不同比例混合制得阻燃复合材料,并利用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)及ISO 5660锥形量热计三项测试表征制得样品的燃烧和火灾性能,从中提炼和分析LOI、垂直燃烧等级和最大热释放速率(Pk HRR)等三元关键指标相关性,给出了定性定量相结合的潜在火灾危险性分级范围。结果表明:UL94燃烧等级和Pk HRR相关性体现为当Pk HRR≤330.0 k W/m~2时,试样UL94等级均为V-0级;UL94燃烧等级和LOI相关性体现为随UL94燃烧等级从V-0降到HB时,试样LOI从27.0降到17.0;Pk HRR与LOI相关性体现为Pk HRR与LOI呈粗略反向线性相关性;UL94燃烧等级、Pk HRR和LOI三元相关性体现为当LOI22.0、Pk HRR为399.0~665.0 k W/m~2时,材料UL94燃烧等级介于HB~V-2。