堤防水泥土搅拌桩复合地基稳定分析及应用研究

提出将水泥搅拌桩运用于堤防工程的地基加固,以提高堤防工程的稳定性。分析了水泥搅拌桩的作用机理和水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载特点,采用面积加权法计算复合土层的抗剪强度,在此基础上进行了复合地基堤防整体稳定计算。结合某河道整治工程实例,探讨了堤防地基水泥搅拌桩的加固效果,评价了不同工况下堤防的稳定性。研究表明,采用水泥搅拌桩加固堤防地基,可以有效提高地基的承载力和堤防的稳定性,且施工快捷,运用效果较好,可为类似工程提供参考。     

Removal of lead from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide composite

A novel composite adsorbent, hydroxyapatite/manganese dioxide (HAp/MnO₂), has been developed for the purpose of removing lead ions from aqueous solutions. The combination of HAp with MnO₂ is meant to increase its adsorption capacity. Various factors that may affect the adsorption efficiency, including solution pH, coexistent substances such as humic acid and competing cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), initial solute concentration, and the duration of the reaction, have been investigated. Using this composite adsorbent, solution pH and coexistent calcium or magnesium cations were found to have no significant influence on the removal of lead ions under the experimental conditions. The adsorption equilibrium was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 769 mg·g⁻¹. The sorption processes obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The experimental results indicate that HAp/MnO₂ composite may be an effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions.     

基于高通量分析的长江干流重庆段重点关注污染物筛选

应用高通量分析方法对长江干流重庆段11个断面水体中的潜在污染物进行了分析,共筛查到230种污染物。结合重庆市化学品生产使用统计结果,应用综合评分法对潜在污染物进行了评分和排序,筛选出33种流域重点关注污染物,包括农药、工业用品(邻苯二甲酸酯类、酚类雌激素、有机溶剂)及个人护理品(抗氧化剂、合成麝香、紫外吸收剂)等。结果表明,基于高通量分析方法和综合评分法可成功识别和筛选流域内重点关注污染物,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

粉煤灰基吸附剂对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附性能

以粉煤灰为原料、Na2CO3为助熔剂,采用盐熔融—水浴结晶法制备粉煤灰基吸附剂。探讨了吸附剂的最佳制备条件及其对模拟废水中Cd2+的最佳吸附条件、吸附动力学和吸附机理。实验结果表明:制备吸附剂的最佳工艺条件为m(粉煤灰)∶m(Na2CO3)为1∶2,焙烧温度为450℃;采用最佳制备工艺条件下制备的吸附剂(记作2-450℃-FA吸附剂),在初始Cd2+质量浓度为300 mg/L、初始溶液pH为7.7、振荡时间为120 min的条件下,对模拟废水中Cd2+的去除率为98.0%。2-450℃-FA吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附主要受颗粒内扩散控制,吸附过程可用准二级吸附动力学方程很好地描述。Ea为77.22 kJ/mol,吸附过程主要为化学吸附。     

复合地基不同参数对地面动力特性的影响分析

复合地基在我国的应用极为广泛,但应用水平参差不齐,工程质量需要提高,更需要理论指导。由于复合地基的复杂性,复合地基参数对地震作用下地面运动特性的影响,学者研究的结论和意见也不一致。因此,进一步研究其理论及工程应用问题既是客观要求又是现实需要。为了更深入地探讨有关问题,笔者采用有限元法,引入粘弹性人工边界,同时把地震波转化为等效荷载输入到模型中,认为比较符合实际。最后,通过系统分析,得出了一些有益的结论,有一定的工程价值,同时也为进一步研究提供了科学依据。     

Grab versus composite sampling: A primer for the manager and engineer

Effluent subsamples are usually aggregated into flow or time proportional samples before analysis. Although this provides information on average process conditions, that on process variability is lost by compositing. Fisher's information is defined and used to estimate the loss due to compositing. The results of simulations based on parameters derived from actual waste streams support the fact that random grabs serve as well as composite samples for monitoring purposes. These findings favor changes in regulatory practice to allow compliance to be demonstrated by grab sample averages. Reporting requirements based on moving averages are shown to be inferior to those based on averages taken over nonoverlapping time periods.     

钢-混凝土预制板组合梁试验研究

对12个不同预留孔形、孔内不同填充材料的推出试件及2根不同预留孔形的完全剪力连接与1根部分剪力连接的钢-混凝土预制板组合梁进行了试验，结果表明，只要预留孔形设计合理，灌孔混凝土强度得当，钢-混凝土预制板组合梁就具有良好的组合效应和整体工作性能，是一种有发展前途和广泛应用领域的新型组合结构。     

Degradation Kinetics of Biodegradable Fiber Composites

In a composite, fast degradable fibers determine the degradation of the slowly degradable matrix. Such biodegradable composites consisting of degummed hemp fibers and a polyester amide matrix were produced with fiber mass fractions between 0 and 0.48. The hot-pressed plates, 1-mm thick, were incubated in a standard soil. The degradation kinetics was quantified by the measurement of CO₂ production. Furthermore, after termination of experiment, the carbon balance was uncovered. The results were fitted to an exponential law taking into account the degradation of fibers. The increased amount of pores realized by high fiber contents induces pronounced degradation. The degradation is fully characterized by the time constant , which is correlated to the fiber mass fraction. The model allows to predict the degradation kinetics of composites with a few well-defined experiments.     

催化剂厂滤渣制备高吸水复合材料的研究

炼油催化剂厂在生产过程中每年要排除大量的滤渣,对滤渣成分进行了分析,其中SiO2含量为60%左右,Al2O3含量为10%左右,重金属含量不超过土壤环境质量标准值(GB15618-95)。以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和催化剂厂滤渣等为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备出了滤渣/P(AA-AM)高吸水复合材料,考察了引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体中和度及滤渣用量对复合材料吸液倍率的影响。结果表明,当中和度为80%,滤渣、引发剂和交联剂用量分别为丙烯酸单体质量的25%、1.0%和0.04%时所制得复合材料吸蒸馏水、自来水和0.9%NaCl达到了1093.2g/g、323.4g/g和74.39g/g。复合材料在25℃下干燥10d,还保持50%的吸水量,在70℃下干燥10h吸水凝胶还可以保持40%的吸水量,表明复合材料具有良好的保水性能。     

N-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备表征及性能研究

通过乙醛酸与壳聚糖形成西佛碱,用硼氢化钠还原制备N位取代的羧甲基壳聚糖,采用FT-IR、X-ray、NMR分析手段对分子结构进行表征。吸湿保湿性能研究发现取代度较低的N-羧甲基壳聚糖吸湿性能较好,保湿性能随着羧甲基取代度的增加而增强。通过羟基磷灰石、骨胶原与N-羧甲基壳聚糖制备了新型的复合生物材料,与没有添加N-羧甲基壳聚糖的复合材料相比较,发现具有良好的机械性能和溶涨性能。