凹凸棒复合滤料生物过滤去除Fe2＋性能研究

利用凹凸棒复合滤料良好的吸附和生物挂膜性能对普通滤池进行生物强化,研究生物过滤对原水中Fe2＋的去除效果及影响因素。实验结果表明：原水溶解氧在3 mg/L左右,Fe2＋的去除率达到90%以上;温度在13.9℃-22.3℃时,Fe2＋去除率达到93%以上;滤速越低,生物过滤对Fe2＋的去除率越高,4 m/h为本实验研究的最佳水力负荷;原水中Fe2＋浓度在2 mg/L以下时,出水的Fe2＋浓度可以达到0.15 mg/L以下。反冲洗对生物过滤去除Fe2＋的影响较小,去除率在冲洗2 h后能够恢复到冲洗前的水平。     

微波法复合絮凝剂PAFC-PAM的制备及脱色性能

研究了以三氯化铝,三氯化铁和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为原料,在微波辐照下制备PAFC-PAM复合絮凝剂的工艺条件,探讨了pH值、复合絮凝剂投加量对活性染料模拟废水脱色率的影响,并考察了其对实际印染废水的处理效果。结果表明:在PAM/PAFC质量比为0.25、微波合成功率150W、微波时间3min制得的复合絮凝剂,浊度去除率为98.8%。在pH=8,投加量为42mg/L的最佳絮凝条件下,复合絮凝剂对模拟染料废水脱色率高达97%。与PAFC和PAM相比,PAFC-PAM具有较宽的pH适宜范围和较低的投加量且对实际印染废水的处理效果优于PAFC和PAM。     

高锰酸盐复合剂强化混凝对水中天然有机物的去除机制研究

利用流动电流、絮凝脉动颗粒检测技术、分子量分布及XAD树脂分类技术对高锰酸盐复合剂强化混凝去除水中天然有机物的机制进行了研究.结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂提高了硫酸铝的混凝效果,投加0.75 mg/L高锰酸盐复合剂后,较单独投加硫酸铝对天然有机物的去除率可提高13个百分点.流动电流(SC)检测结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂使有机物表面所带的负电性减弱,稳定性降低.如单独投加60 mg/L硫酸铝时SC值为55.2,而投加0.50、 0.75和1.0 mg/L的高锰酸盐复合剂预氧化处理后,SC值分别升高至61.4、 69.6和87.0.投加高锰酸盐复合剂后,絮凝指数增加,表明高锰酸盐复合剂及反应过程中生成的新生态水合二氧化锰对混凝起到了强化作用.分子质量分布及XAD树脂分类结果表明,高锰酸盐复合剂提高了混凝过程对小分子质量和亲水性有机物的去除能力,如硫酸铝混凝后亲水性有机物的含量为1.90 mg/L,而投加高锰酸盐复合剂后,可使其含量降至1.32 mg/L.     

利用微生物菌群低温下提高沼气产气量试验研究

实验室筛选培养出厌氧水解细菌混合菌A和厌氧纤维素分解菌混合菌B。利用这两类厌氧发酵混合菌,研究了3种不同配方的混合菌对猪粪沼气发酵产气率的影响。3种配方的实验组的沼气产量分别比对照组提高28.08%、24.93%和32.95%。3种配方对原料TS(Total Solid)的利用率均有提高,TS利用率分别比对照提高9.42%、6.02%和11.78%。以上结果表明,实验室所筛选的厌氧水解细菌混合菌A和厌氧纤维素分解菌混合菌B,都有利于提高猪粪发酵的沼气产量、原料利用率,是一种极有开发前景的沼气发酵生物活性添加剂。     

Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

凹凸棒复合滤料去除水中Cr（Ⅵ）试验研究

通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒复合滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的去除效果。静态实验结果表明,在实验范围内,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程来描述,但更符合Freundlich方程,相关系数为0.989 2;动态实验结果表明,随着pH值、水力负荷和进水浓度的增加,凹凸棒复合滤料对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率呈下降趋势。     

HTPB药柱老化对SRM内弹道性能的影响及偏差分析

为了定性和定量的描述药柱燃面、密度、燃速等因素对固体火箭发动机（SRM）内弹道性能的影响,在HTPB复合固体推进剂老化研究和SRM内弹道性能预估研究的基础上,分析了HTPB推进剂因贮存老化引起的SRM内弹道性能偏差,建立了性能偏差计算模型。结果表明,老化引起的药柱燃面、密度、燃速变化以及侵蚀燃烧引起的喷喉烧蚀是SRM贮存过程中影响内弹道性能偏差的直接因素,老化引起它们微小的波动都会引起发动机内弹道性能较大的偏离。在发动机寿命预估和进行可靠性分析时必须考虑老化对内弹道性能的影响。     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

TiO_2/SiO_2复合体光催化降解染料废水的试验

通过光催化剂TiO2／SiO2的复合体处理染料废水的模拟实验,讨论了Si／Ti比值、pH值和焙烧温度,对处理模拟染料废水效能的影响。结果表明：在焙烧温度为700℃条件下制得的Si／Ti比值为1：7的TiO2/SiO2复合体,pH值为9时,光催化降解模拟有机染料废水的效果最佳。     

高透水地层复合土钉墙的应用

在透水性高的砂性土条件下,将止水帷幕水泥土搅拌桩与土钉相结合,形成复合土钉墙支护结构,是解决高透水地层基坑支护的有效方式.针对某具体工程实例,介绍了高透水地层采用复合土钉墙结构进行基坑支护的设计方案,并对基坑变形进行了监测.结果表明:采用复合土钉墙支护可满足基坑开挖对支护结构稳定及周边环境保护的要求,同时复合土钉墙结构受力合理、安全度高、施工简单方便、工期短、造价低,具有较好的经济和社会效益,可在类似工程中推广应用.