CTS/CuO/ACF聚酯功能复合膜吸附及光催化性能

采用水热合成法制备了纳米级CuO颗粒粉末,XRD表征显示所制备的CuO催化剂晶型为单斜晶体。采用浸渍法制备CTS/CuO/ACF聚酯功能复合膜,研究了膜中不同组分对5mg/LNP吸附所起的作用,并研究了pH值、温度对复合膜吸附NP的影响以及不同CuO负载量对复合膜光催化性能的影响。研究显示,酸性条件、提高温度均有利于复合膜对NP的吸附去除,氧化铜负载量增加有利于光催化净化能力提高。此外,多次连续吸附实验证明,CTS/CuO/ACF复合膜可重复利用性高,并且如果经过光催化再生其吸附去除壬基酚能力仍然能达到75%以上。     

几种复合载体材料固定化活性污泥的性能及在废水中的应用

制备了几种复合载体材料固定化活性污泥小球,比较了固定化活性污泥的性能及对废水COD的去除率。结果表明,固定化活性污泥比游离态的活性污泥对废水COD的去除率高,其中藻酸钠复合活性炭及壳聚糖复合硅藻土固定化活性污泥对废水COD的去除率较好,当取代度为1.54的羧甲基壳聚糖复合硅藻土固定化活性污泥,废水COD去除率最大4,8 h去除率可达61.2%。     

电吸附去除水中的Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)

采用复合电极对模拟的含Ni2+废水和含Cu2+废水进行了电吸附试验,讨论了不同pH值、电压、初始浓度对吸附效果的影响和电脱附再生的可行性。试验结果表明:以复合电极为电极材料,采用电吸附的方法可以有效地去除废水中的Ni2+、Cu2+。经过多次电脱附再生后,吸附率和脱附率降低得并不明显,所以对重金属离子进行电脱附再生具有可行性。     

脉冲电晕放电降解CFC-113和CCl4

催化降解ＣＦＣ－１３３和ＣＣｌ４难度较大。采用脉冲电晕与吸附相结合,在电晕反应器中加入吸附剂（如γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）,显著提高了降解效果。实验结果揭示吸附剂的比表面与孔径大小显著影响ＣＦＣ－１１３和ＣＣｌ４的降解反应活性以及副产物臭氧浓度。本研究开发出一种Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ⅱ吸附剂,它的比表面为９４．４ｍ＾２／ｇ,孔径〈０．５μｍ,当它与高压脉冲电晕放电相结合时,一方面提高了降解率,另一方面抑制了臭氧生成,     

旋/直复合流化对脱硫塔内粘壁问题的影响

采用激光相位多普勒颗粒分析仪(3D-PDA)测试了新型内旋/直复合流化方式下循环流化床烟气脱硫塔内与粘壁有关的气-液-固三相参数,试验证明:旋/直复合流化能够提高塔中下部特别是近壁处的气固切向速度及气固间相对切向滑移速度,增强扰动,同时提高脱硫塔中下部特别是近壁处的固体颗粒浓度,有利于促进液滴或含湿颗粒的高效利用和快速干燥,减轻粘壁;旋/直复合流化下液滴在塔内的分布变化也证明旋流风对促进液滴干燥、减轻粘壁的积极作用;旋流风量的增加对近壁处液滴的干燥速度及固体颗粒浓度的影响表明,旋流风量占总流量的16%左右合适。     

垃圾焚烧模拟烟气中镉的动态吸附实验

在生活垃圾焚烧烟气模拟净化实验中,采用氯化镉作为气态重金属的发生源,模拟改性钙基吸附剂对重金属的动态吸附,并对重金属入口浓度、吸附温度、吸附剂投加量以及烟气组分等因素进行研究,结果表明:(1)反应温度对镉的去除有一定的影响,温度升高,去除率下降;(2)钙基吸附剂对Cd的去除率随着Cd入口浓度的增加而降低;(3)吸附剂投加量增加,去除率随之增加,但当加入量达到100g以上时,去除率不再变化;(4)HCl气体的存在能促进Cd的吸附,SO_2气体的存在则抑制Cd的吸附;(5)随着吸附质CdCl_2初始浓度的增加,钙基吸附剂的吸附量逐渐增加并趋向平衡,且与活性炭相当.     

复合碳源填料反硝化脱氮及微生物群落特性

为探讨低碳氮比污水厂尾水的深度脱氮技术,以碱处理玉米芯、零价铁和活性炭组成的复合碳源作为填料,考察反硝化生物脱氮滤柱的运行效果,并借助Miseq高通量测序技术对滤柱生物膜的微生物群落组成和结构进行解析.结果表明,复合碳源填料进行反硝化脱氮时,能有效的被微生物利用并获得较高的TN去除率.在温度为28℃左右,反硝化滤柱进水NO3--N浓度为20~30mg/L、HRT=7.7h时,TN去除率可达到95%以上,出水TOC在15mg/L左右;微生物在属水平进行聚类分析结果表明,生物膜中与反硝化作用有关的菌属和与纤维素降解有关的菌属分别占已知菌属的40.35%和29.04%.因此,污泥中反硝化作用菌属和纤维素降解有关的菌属的大量存在,为复合碳源填料高效反硝化作用提供了可能.     

Preparation,characterization of sludge adsorbent and investigations on its removal of hydrogen sulfide under room temperature

To recycle the sludge resource from sewage treatment plants and solve the problem of odor pollution, the sludge was converted into an adsorbent by carbonized pyrolysis and the process was optimized by orthogonal experiments. The capability for odor removal as well as the structure of the adsorbent was studied with H₂S as a target pollutant. The results indicate that the main factor affecting the deodorization performance of the adsorbent is the activating time. The sludge adsorbent sample SAC1 prepared under optimum conditions exhibits the best deodorization performance with a H₂S breakthrough time of 58 min and an iodine value nearly that of the coal activated carbon. The breakthrough time of H₂S is much longer than that on the coal activated carbon. On the other hand, characterization results from X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques show that SAC1 is composed of mainly graphite carbon with lower oxygen content on the surface. The bulk of SAC1 exhibits a honeycomb structure with well developed porosity and a high specific surface area of 120.47 m²·g^-1, with the average pore diameter being about 5 nm. Such a structure is in favor of H₂S adsorption. Moreover, SAC1 is detected to contain various metal elements such as Zn, Fe, Mg, etc., leading to a superior deodorization property to that of coal activated carbon.     

Removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous medium using manganese oxide coated lignocellulose/silica adsorbents

Arsenic (V) adsorption on manganese oxide coated rice wastes was investigated in this study. The modified adsorbents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurements to determine the point of zero charge. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on arsenic removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of rice waste was significantly improved after modification with permanganate. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model which confirms surface homogeneity of the adsorbent. Maxima adsorption capacities are determined as 10 and 12 mg/g at pH 3 for manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw, respectively. The adsorption energy indicates that the adsorption process may be dominated by chemisorption. Pseudo-second-order rate equation described the kinetics sorption of arsenic with good correlation coefficients, better than a pseudo-first-order equation. Manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw appear to be promising low cost adsorbents for removing arsenic from water.     

浅埋近距离煤层内错布置采空区自燃危险区域研究

浅埋近距离煤层内错布置开采下部煤层时,地表裂隙易与复合采空区相互贯通,造成地表漏风,使采空区,特别是上部老采空自燃危险区域的分布难以预测。针对此问题,以酸刺沟煤矿6上109工作面至地表空间为研究对象,在漏风测定及束管监测的基础上,建立地表与复合采空区漏风模型,借助FLUENT数值模拟软件,研究地表漏风对复合采空区自燃危险区域的影响。研究表明,地表漏风最终汇入下部采空区回风侧,加大了其自燃危险区域范围;漏风流在向回风侧偏移的过程中,由于煤柱的阻挡,风速逐渐降低,与下部漏入的风流共同作用,使上部老采空区形成了氧浓度中间低四周高的不规则环状自燃危险区域;下部采空区进风侧向上的漏风增加了本煤层采空区的总漏风量,加大了其自燃危险区域宽度,同时增加了上部老采空区局部氧浓度,使其自燃危险性增大。