阳离子絮凝剂HTCC与PAC复配对黄河兰州段水除浊性能研究

通过正交实验制备了阳离子絮凝剂壳聚糖季铵盐(HTCC),研究了壳聚糖季铵盐与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复配对黄河兰州段水的除浊效果,确定最佳复配比为m(HTCC)∶m(PAC)=1∶3。按该复配比,且在最佳投加量(1.25 mg/LHTCC+3.75 mg/L PAC)下,原浊为27.85～33.28 NTU的黄河水经处理后余浊<3 NTU。实验结果表明:pH对HTCC/PAC的除浊效果影响较大,当pH为7～9时,除浊效果均良好;而当pH为5～7时,投药范围内的最佳投药量提前,而除浊效率有所降低;沉降时间对HTCC/PAC的除浊效果无明显影响;HTCC/PAC以固-固方式复配的除浊效果比液-液方式复配的较差。     

复合钙基吸收剂吸附烟气中汞的试验研究

将飞灰和CaO以4∶1(质量比)混合,在室温25℃下消化10min,在68℃下干燥40min,制得基础吸收剂,再添加5%的KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)和15%的水分,制成可吸附燃煤烟气汞的复合钙基吸收剂. 研究了KMnO₄/NaClO₂添加量,吸收剂中水分含量,温度,进口φ(O₂)、ρ(Hg0)、ρ(SO₂)和ρ(NO)等因素对复合钙基吸收剂吸附烟气汞的影响. 结果表明:随着KMnO₄、NaClO₂添加量从0增至5%,复合钙基吸收剂对烟气汞10min吸附量从131.75ng/g分别增至443.00和876.08ng/g;在KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)添加量为5%,水分含量为15%,温度为80℃,进口φ(O₂)为6%的条件下,模拟烟气进口ρ(Hg0)从18.0μg/m3增至86.4μg/m3时,复合钙基吸收剂对烟气汞的最大吸附量升至1203.33ng/g(或2391.63ng/g);当进口ρ(SO₂)从1429mg/m3增至2286mg/m3时,KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)添加剂相对应的烟气汞最大吸附量降至421.50ng/g(或860.00ng/g);当进口ρ(NO)从536mg/m3增至938mg/m3时,KMnO₄(或NaClO₂)添加剂相对应的烟气汞最大吸附量降至336.75ng/g(或776.38ng/g).      

Solar photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon on a Bi–TiO2/zeolite photocatalyst

The photocatalytic degradation of the herbicide isoproturon under solar light was investigated in aqueous solution containing a Bi–TiO₂/zeolite photocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of Bi–TiO₂ loading onto the zeolite support and influence of the parameters such as catalyst amount, pH, and initial concentration of isoproturon on the degradation rate were evaluated. The recycling ability of the catalyst was found to be sustainable for elongated periods. The high activity of the Bi–TiO₂/zeolite was attributed to its absorptivity of visible light and its high adsorption capacity for the pollutant molecules.     

膨润土基共聚复合物的制备及对亚甲基蓝的脱色性能

将乙酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐和丙烯酸作为功能性单体,在钠基膨润土分散体系中进行原位共聚反应,制备了一种膨润土基共聚复合物(P(MAVM)/NaB),采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM等手段对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,NaB与共聚物均匀复合,其中部分高分子链进入了膨润土层间,扩大了缝隙.将膨润土基共聚复合物用于染料亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附,考察了影响膨润土基共聚复合物吸附亚甲基蓝的主要因素.结果表明:25℃,吸附剂用量为0.1 g.L-1,振荡5 min,MB初始浓度为20 mg.L-1的条件下,MB脱色率可达97.7%,吸附容量达195.46 mg.g-1.处理后水样的色度达到国家污水综合排放一级标准.同时研究了吸附机理,结果发现:吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,MB通过电中和、氢键及范德华力作用被P(MAVM)/NaB吸附.     

Validation of polymer-based nano-iron oxide in further phosphorus removal from bioeffluent: laboratory and scaledup study

The efficient removal of phosphorous from water is an important but challenging task. In this study, we validated the applicability of a new commercially available nanocomposite adsorbent, i.e., a polymer-based hydrated ferric oxide nanocomposite (HFO-201), for the further removal of phosphorous from the bioeffluent discharged from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and the operating parameters such as the flow rate, temperature and composition of the regenerants were optimized. Laboratory-scale results indicate that phosphorous in real bioeffluent can be effectively removed from 0.92 mg·L^-1 to<0.5 mg·L^-1 (or even<0.1 mg·L^-1 as desired) by the new adsorbent at a flow rate of 50 bed volume (BV) per hour and treatable volume of 3500–4000 BV per run. Phosphorous removal is independent of the ambient temperature in the range of 15°C–40°C. Moreover, the exhausted HFO-201 can be regenerated by a 2% NaOH+ 5% NaCl binary solution for repeated use without significant capacity loss. A scaled-up study further indicated that even though the initial total phosphorus (TP) was as high as 2 mg·L^-1, it could be reduced to<0.5 mg·L^-1, with a working capacity of 4.4–4.8 g·L^-1 HFO-201. In general, HFO-201 adsorption is a choice method for the efficient removal of phosphate from biotreated waste effluent.     

浅埋近距离煤层内错布置采空区自燃危险区域研究

浅埋近距离煤层内错布置开采下部煤层时,地表裂隙易与复合采空区相互贯通,造成地表漏风,使采空区,特别是上部老采空自燃危险区域的分布难以预测。针对此问题,以酸刺沟煤矿6上109工作面至地表空间为研究对象,在漏风测定及束管监测的基础上,建立地表与复合采空区漏风模型,借助FLUENT数值模拟软件,研究地表漏风对复合采空区自燃危险区域的影响。研究表明,地表漏风最终汇入下部采空区回风侧,加大了其自燃危险区域范围;漏风流在向回风侧偏移的过程中,由于煤柱的阻挡,风速逐渐降低,与下部漏入的风流共同作用,使上部老采空区形成了氧浓度中间低四周高的不规则环状自燃危险区域;下部采空区进风侧向上的漏风增加了本煤层采空区的总漏风量,加大了其自燃危险区域宽度,同时增加了上部老采空区局部氧浓度,使其自燃危险性增大。     

Removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous medium using manganese oxide coated lignocellulose/silica adsorbents

Arsenic (V) adsorption on manganese oxide coated rice wastes was investigated in this study. The modified adsorbents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurements to determine the point of zero charge. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on arsenic removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of rice waste was significantly improved after modification with permanganate. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model which confirms surface homogeneity of the adsorbent. Maxima adsorption capacities are determined as 10 and 12 mg/g at pH 3 for manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw, respectively. The adsorption energy indicates that the adsorption process may be dominated by chemisorption. Pseudo-second-order rate equation described the kinetics sorption of arsenic with good correlation coefficients, better than a pseudo-first-order equation. Manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw appear to be promising low cost adsorbents for removing arsenic from water.     

Optimized porous clay heterostructure for removal of acetaldehyde and toluene from indoor air

Adsorption is the most widely used technology for the removal of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, existing adsorbent-based technologies are inadequate to meet the regulatory requirement, due to their limited adsorption capacity and efficiency, especially under high relative humidity (RH) conditions. In this study, a series of new porous clay heterostructure (PCH) adsorbents with various ratios of micropores to mesopores were synthesized, characterized and tested for the adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene. Two of them, PCH25 and PCH50, exhibited markedly improved adsorption capability, especially for hydrophilic acetaldehyde. The improved adsorption was attributed to their large micropore areas and high micropore-to-mesopore volume ratios. The amount of acetaldehyde adsorbed onto PCH25 at equilibrium reached 62.7 mg·g⁻¹, eight times as much as the amount adsorbed onto conventional activated carbon (AC). Even at a high RH of 80%, PCH25 removed seven and four times more of the acetaldehyde than AC and the unmodified raw PCHs did, respectively. This new PCH optimized for their high adsorption and resistance to humidity has promising applications as a cost-effective adsorbent for indoor air purification.     

复合碳源填料反硝化脱氮及微生物群落特性

为探讨低碳氮比污水厂尾水的深度脱氮技术,以碱处理玉米芯、零价铁和活性炭组成的复合碳源作为填料,考察反硝化生物脱氮滤柱的运行效果,并借助Miseq高通量测序技术对滤柱生物膜的微生物群落组成和结构进行解析.结果表明,复合碳源填料进行反硝化脱氮时,能有效的被微生物利用并获得较高的TN去除率.在温度为28℃左右,反硝化滤柱进水NO3--N浓度为20~30mg/L、HRT=7.7h时,TN去除率可达到95%以上,出水TOC在15mg/L左右;微生物在属水平进行聚类分析结果表明,生物膜中与反硝化作用有关的菌属和与纤维素降解有关的菌属分别占已知菌属的40.35%和29.04%.因此,污泥中反硝化作用菌属和纤维素降解有关的菌属的大量存在,为复合碳源填料高效反硝化作用提供了可能.     

Preparation,characterization of sludge adsorbent and investigations on its removal of hydrogen sulfide under room temperature

To recycle the sludge resource from sewage treatment plants and solve the problem of odor pollution, the sludge was converted into an adsorbent by carbonized pyrolysis and the process was optimized by orthogonal experiments. The capability for odor removal as well as the structure of the adsorbent was studied with H₂S as a target pollutant. The results indicate that the main factor affecting the deodorization performance of the adsorbent is the activating time. The sludge adsorbent sample SAC1 prepared under optimum conditions exhibits the best deodorization performance with a H₂S breakthrough time of 58 min and an iodine value nearly that of the coal activated carbon. The breakthrough time of H₂S is much longer than that on the coal activated carbon. On the other hand, characterization results from X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques show that SAC1 is composed of mainly graphite carbon with lower oxygen content on the surface. The bulk of SAC1 exhibits a honeycomb structure with well developed porosity and a high specific surface area of 120.47 m²·g^-1, with the average pore diameter being about 5 nm. Such a structure is in favor of H₂S adsorption. Moreover, SAC1 is detected to contain various metal elements such as Zn, Fe, Mg, etc., leading to a superior deodorization property to that of coal activated carbon.