氨基酸修饰的高交联吸附树脂对Cu(Ⅱ)和磺胺嘧啶的吸附机制研究

采用络氨酸修饰氯球树脂（PS-DVB）并进行后交联反应制备了氨基酸修饰的高交联吸附树脂（PSTY）.研究了PSTY树脂对Cu（Ⅱ）和磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）的协同吸附性能及交互影响机制.单组分体系中,树脂对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附随pH值的增加而增加,对SDZ的吸附随着pH值的增加先增后减;共存体系中,SDZ的共存微弱促进了树脂对Cu（Ⅱ）吸附,Cu（Ⅱ）的共存抑制了树脂对SDZ的吸附,且pH大于6后抑制更为明显.PSTY对Cu（Ⅱ）和SDZ的吸附等温线可采用Langmuir和Freundlich方程进行拟合,共存低浓度的SDZ使Cu（Ⅱ）的饱和吸附量略有增加,而高浓度的SDZ使其下降.Cu（Ⅱ）的增强去除主要是阴离子SDZ^-与树脂的质子化基团的静电作用减弱了对Cu（Ⅱ）的静电斥力,Cu（Ⅱ）与SDZ分别与PSTY中的极性基团发生配位作用和氢键作用进行竞争吸附,但Cu（Ⅱ）的配位结合力更强,虽然吸附到树脂上的Cu（Ⅱ）还可以通过桥连作用吸附SDZ,但作用较弱,因此,共存的Cu（Ⅱ）抑制了PSTY树脂对SDZ的吸附,Cu（Ⅱ）浓度越大抑制程度越高.     

组合液膜对自配淋洗液中Cd的提取回收效果

淋洗法是解决土壤重金属污染的有效方法之一,其对土壤Cd污染的治理效果较好,但需对Cd污染土壤进行淋洗后的含Cd淋洗废液进行再生和回收利用.为了克服传统液膜分离技术不稳定、膜溶液易流失等缺陷.采用P204（磷酸二异辛酯）为络合剂的组合液膜提取技术对自配土壤淋洗液中Cd2+进行提取,考察水相pH、w（P204）、接受相酸浓度、膜相与接受相体积比、接收相不同酸、水相初始c（Cd2+）对Cd2+提取率的影响,并提出动力学方程,进一步研究Cd2+在多金属离子分离条件.结果表明:①络合剂与Cd2+形成络合物在液膜系统中传输,最佳提取条件为pH 4.2、w（P204）5.0%、接受相酸浓度4.0 mol/L、膜相与接受相体积比1:3,接收相酸种类对提取率影响不明显;②水相c（Cd2+）越低,提取率越高;③基于传质动力学模型,建立了回收系数与水相pH和w（P204）的关系方程,分别为P_c=（3.20×104+2.03×1010[H+]2）-1和P_c-1=3.208×104+1.742[C0]-2,得到Cd2+通过料液和膜边界层的厚度（d_w）为17.8 μm,络合物通过膜的扩散系数（D_m0）为7.61×10-8 m2/s.研究显示,在最佳提取条件下,初始c（Cd2+）为5.0×10-3 mol/L时,240 min内提取率可达93%,通过调节多金属离子体系中Cd2+的提取条件与参数,或调节每种金属提取条件与参数,进行反复提取,Cd2+可以与其他重金属成功分离.      

UiO-66/UiO-66-PYDC的制备及其对UO22+吸附性研究

通过水热法合成了两种锆基有机骨架材料,采用XRD、SEM、IR、TG、EDS、BET等技术对材料的结构和形貌进行了表征,并通过静态吸附实验在不同条件下测试所制材料对UO2+2的吸附性能,考察了时间、温度、初始铀浓度、pH、CO2-3对吸附的影响.结果表明:Ui O-66体系对铀酰离子的吸附以化学吸附为主,通过表面的羧基官能团与铀酰离子结合从而达到吸附的目的.此外,本实验中材料的比表面积对吸附的影响不明显.在初始最佳pH为10.5的条件下,通过热力学模型拟合发现,低浓度下Ui O-66拥有更大的吸附量.随着溶液中初始铀酰离子浓度的升高,Ui O-66-PYDC展现出更好的吸附效果.     

Al-Mg-Ga牺牲阳极的电化学性能研究

目的研究Al-Mg-Ga牺牲阳极的电化学性能及其与标准铝合金牺牲阳极复合后的性能。方法设计一种Al-Mg-Ga铝合金牺牲阳极,通过4天加速试验和模拟实海实验研究其电化学性能、初始极化性能以及与Al-Zn-In-Si基底阳极不同面积比复合后的耦合电位。对腐蚀不同状况下的铝活性阳极进行能谱分析(EDX)和扫描电镜(SEM),探讨其活化机理。结果 4天加速试验显示,Al-Mg0.6%-Ga0.05%牺牲阳极开路电位、工作电位较负,分别达到-1.5 V(vs.SCE)和-1.3 V(vs.SCE),适合作为复合阳极中的活性阳极材料。模拟实海试验显示,铝铝复合阳极在阴极保护中初始极化性能良好,能够发出较大电流,得到了-1.2~-1.3 V(vs.SCE)之间的耦合电位。结论研制的铝铝复合牺牲阳极发出的初始电流约为中期电流的3倍以上,同时不同的面积比设计的复合阳极耦合电位在-1.2~-1.3 V(vs.SCE)之间。     

La-M-Co-O/堇青石催化剂的制备及催化氧化氯苯

采用柠檬酸络合法制备La-M-Co-O（M=Mn,Cr,Fe,Ni和Cu）/堇青石催化剂,运用BET,XRD,SEM,H₂-TPR和XPS技术对催化剂性能及微观结构进行表征分析,研究考察过渡金属掺杂,掺杂量以及焙烧温度等对催化剂催化氧化性能的影响.结果表明,随着催化剂焙烧温度升高至650℃时,催化剂表面所负载的活性氧化物颗粒最为分散,其氧化活性最佳,且当反应温度为350℃时,催化剂催化氧化氯苯转化率可达96.4%,究其原因是高温焙烧致使催化剂形成LaCoO₃钙钛矿型复合氧化物,其复合氧化物的晶体结构有利于催化剂催化氧化氯苯性能的提高.     

CuO-modified activated carbon for the improvement of toluene removal in air

We used an impregnation method to prepare CuO/AC(activated carbon) composite materials of different CuO content and characterized them via scanning electron microscope(SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The effect of CuO content on toluene adsorption/desorption was evaluated.We explored the reusability of AC and AC03(CuO modified AC with CuO loading 0.3 wt.%) adsorbents via toluene adsorption/desorption cycle testing.We used quasi-firstand quasi-second-order models, the Bangham model, and the Weber–Morris model to fit the toluene adsorption data.The introduction of CuO species evidently improved the adsorption performance of activated carbon toward toluene.The CuO content markedly affected the specific surface area, CuO dispersal, the numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, and adsorption performance of the prepared composite adsorbents.Low CuO content was not favorable for the formation of active adsorption sites,while high content greatly reduced the specific surface area, and even covered active adsorption sites.The toluene adsorption performance varied in the order AC03 AC02 AC05 AC08 AC01(AC03, AC02, AC05, AC08 and AC01 are CuO modifying AC with CuO loading 0.3, 0.2, 0.5 0.8 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively).The breakthrough time and toluene adsorption capacity of the AC03 composite adsorbent were 94 min and 701.8 mg/g,respectively, and the recycling efficiency was 92.8% after thermal desorption at 200°C.The adsorption process was best described by the Bangham model and adsorption could be divided into three stages.     

Simultaneous removal of Congo red and cadmium(II) from aqueous solutions using graphene oxide–silica composite as a multifunctional adsorbent

Graphene oxide is a very high capacity adsorbent due to its functional groups and π?π interactions with other compounds. Adsorption capacity of graphene oxide, however, can be further enhanced by having synergistic effects through the use of mixed-matrix composite. In this study, silica-decorated graphene oxide (SGO) was used as a high-efficiency adsorbent to remove Congo red (CR) and Cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution initial concentration (20 to 120 mg/l), solution pH (pH 2 to 7), adsorption duration (0 to 140 min) and temperature (298 to 323 K) were measured in order to optimize the adsorption conditions using the SGO adsorbent. Morphological analysis indicated that the silica nanoparticles could be dispersed uniformly on the graphene oxide surfaces. The maximum capacities of adsorbent for effective removal of Cd (II) and CR were 43.45 and 333.33 mg/g based on Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms displayed the highest values of Q_max for CR and Cd (II) adsorption in this study, which indicated monolayer adsorption of CR and multilayer adsorption of Cd (II) onto the SGO, respectively. Thermodynamic study showed that the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy(ΔG) values of the adsorption process for both pollutants were negative, suggesting that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. This study showed active sites of SGO (π-π, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ketone, silane-based functional groups) contributed to an enormous enhancement in simultaneous removal of CR and Cd (II) from an aqueous solution, Therefore, SGO can be considered as a promising adsorbent for future water pollution control and removal of hazardous materials from aqueous solutions.     

C/SiC复合材料波纹点阵结构进气道前缘设计与制备

目的 C/SiC复合材料进气道前缘轻量化设计与制备。方法基于进气道气动外形和结构要求,建立波纹点阵夹芯结构的进气道前缘有限元模型,然后按照德国航空中心H2K超声速风洞试验室试验的数据进行反演,得到进气道前缘的热流密度分布,据此进行边界条件加载,在模型中考虑固体导热、表面辐射以及空腔辐射三种传热方式。采用瞬态传热算法,求解100 s下进气道前缘的温度场,为了进一步降低C/SiC复合材料波纹点阵结构进气道前缘的最高温度,设计不同的进气道前缘尖端半径,并进行优化。最后根据优化得到的波纹点阵进气道几何参数,采用PIP法制备出C/SiC复合材料点阵结构进气道前缘。结果进气道尖端半径小于0.5mm时,最高温度高于1800℃,超过C/SiC复合材料极限温度;进气道尖端半径大于1.0 mm时,最高温度为1520℃,低于C/SiC复合材料极限温度;进气道尖端半径大于2.0 mm时,增大半径对降低进气道前缘最高温度没有明显的作用。不同进气道前缘尖端半径下,最高温度达到稳态的时间不一样,半径等于0.5 mm时,进气道前缘达到稳态的时间约为30 s左右。随着前缘尖端半径增大,最高温度达到稳态的时间增加,半径为1.0 mm时,达到稳态时间约为60 s。结论进气道前缘最高温度随着尖端半径增大明显降低,当半径大于2.0 mm时,增大半径对降低进气道前缘最高温度没有明显的作用。     

磁性絮团形成的最佳参数及机理研究

通过对高岭土配制的浊度水投加磁粉、聚合氯化铁和聚丙烯酰胺进行磁絮凝反应，研究了形成含磁絮体的最佳工艺参数及机理。结果表明，形成含磁絮体的最佳工艺参数：磁粉粒度应小于10μm，磁粉必须和聚合氯化铁同时先于聚丙烯酰胺投加，且投加时的搅拌速度以250r／min左右为宜，磁粉的适宜加入量与污染物浓度有关。磁粉的加入没有改变絮凝荆的絮凝作用机理，有磁种参与的磁絮凝反应与没有磁种参与的絮凝反应没有本质区别。