中和-络合萃取-双极膜电渗析处理金刚烷胺制药废水

采用中和沉淀-络合萃取-双极膜电渗析组合工艺协同处理金刚烷胺制药胺化废水与溴化废水.结果表明,通过胺化废水与溴化废水的中和反应,可以大幅消减废水中溶解性固体和有机污染物,避免后续萃取过程中的乳化现象.在pH值为8.0、油/水相比为1∶1的条件下,P204∶正辛醇=3∶2的复配萃取剂对废水中TOC和TN的萃取效率分别为56.9%和20.6%,金刚烷胺及其衍生物几乎被完全萃取.以2.0 mol·L-1的HCl溶液为反萃取剂,可以将47.5%的金刚烷胺从负载有机相中反萃分离,再生后的萃取剂可以多次重复使用.对萃余液采用双极膜电渗析进行处理,可以去除64.2%的无机盐和部分有机物,同时还能回收到较高浓度的酸,但由于氢离子的渗漏难以回收高浓度的碱.     

黄姜皂素废酸液在均相离子膜中渗析规律的研究

为了研究皂素水解废液在离子交换膜中的渗析规律,实验考察了废液中电导率、含盐量、氢离子浓度、硫酸盐浓度、Ca离子浓度、Mg离子浓度和有机物浓度随渗析时间的关系。研究结果表明:渗析时间进行100 h后,处理效果达到稳定状态;废液与渗析液的电导率几乎相等;含盐量、H+浓度、SO2-4浓度的分离效率分别为71%、62%、78%;Ca去除效果优于Mg去除效果;大部分有机物无法通过离子交换膜。     

A fouling suppression system in submerged membrane bioreactors using dielectrophoretic forces

A novel method was developed to suppress membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. The method is based on the dielectrophoretic (DEP) motion of particles in an inhomogeneous electrical field. Using a real sample of biomass as feed, the fouling-suppression performance using DEP with different electrical field intensities (60–160 V) and different frequencies (50–1000 Hz) was investigated. The fouling-suppression performance was found to relate closely with the intensity and frequency of the electrical field. A stronger electrical field was found to better recover the filtrate flux. This is because of a stronger DEP force acting on the biomass particles close to the membrane's surface. Above an intensity and frequency value of 130 V and 1 kHz, respectively the permeate flux was reduced due to an electrothermal effect.     

多级A／O膜生物反应器污泥活性研究

采用一种新型的多级A／O膜生物反应器处理污水,对该工艺的污泥活性进行了研究。结果表明,VSS／SS在实验过程中呈较弱的下降趋势,多级A／O池曝气室污泥比硝化速率逐室下降,但各缺氧室污泥比反硝化速率基本一致;污泥释磷、聚磷过程在30 min和1 h内基本完成,反硝化聚磷试验表明污泥中存在DPB的富集,反硝化作用是反硝化细菌与DPB共同作用的结果。     

固相膜萃取-气相色谱法测定地表水中有机氯农药研究

研究了固相膜萃取对地表水中有机氯农药(OCPs)物质的提取效果,并与液液提取法(LLE)进行比较.建立了固相膜萃取/气相色谱法检测地表水中20种有机氯农药的方法.结果表明:当萃取膜为HLB膜,洗脱液溶剂为丙酮和正己烷,萃取效果最理想,20种OCPs的回收率稳定在74.1%~94.3%之间,固相膜萃取法与传统液液提取法相比,既提高了萃取效率同时又减少了有机萃取溶剂的用量.该法检测实际样品时,同时加入2种内标指示剂对方法的性能进行了验证,2种内标示踪剂的回收率分别为71.6%~94.8%和69.9%~109.5%,样品中20种OCPs均未检出.     

正渗透去除地表水中DOM的效能研究

采用经砂滤处理后的滆湖水作为原料液,氯化钠溶液作为汲取液,在不同影响因素条件下进行正渗透试验,并对试验后的膜片进行清洗,探究膜污染的可逆性.结果表明:提高汲取液浓度、运行温度及膜面流速均可有效增加膜通量;正渗透对滆湖水体中的溶解性微生物代谢产物、类色氨酸、类富里酸和腐殖酸四种主要DOM成分均有较好的去除效果,DOC、UV₂₅₄截留率均在96%以上;短期运行通过水力清洗几乎可以完全恢复膜通量,而长期运行通过超声清洗可以基本恢复全部膜通量,通过分析膜清洗液可知造成膜污染的主要物质为类色氨酸类和类富里酸类物质.     

Microbial characteristics in anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating domestic sewage: Effects of HRT and process performance

Two anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) equipped with different membrane pore size (0.4 or 0.05μm) were operated at 25℃ and fed with domestic wastewater.The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the reactors was shortened.The microbial communities of the two AnMBRs were investigated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to see the effects of HRT.The predominant Archaea was an aceticlastic methanogen Methanosaeta.The composition of hydrogenotrophic methanogens changed with the HRTs:the population ...     

Evaluation of disinfection byproducts for their ability to affect mitochondrial function

In the race to deliver clean water to communities through potable water reuse, disinfection and water quality assessment are and will continue to be fundamental factors. There are over 700 disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water; evaluating each compound is practically impossible and very time consuming. A bioanalytical approach could be an answer to this challenge. In this work, the response of four major classes of DBPs toward mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphate (C-ATP) was investigated with human carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Within 90 min of cell exposure, only the haloacetic acid (HAA) mixture caused a cytotoxic response as measured by C-ATP. All four groups (haloacetonitriles (HANs), trihalomethanes (THMs), nitrosamines (NOAs), and HAAs) responded well to ΔΨm, R² > 0.70. Based on the half-maximum concentration that evoked a 50% response in ΔΨm, the response gradient was HANs >> HAAs ∼ THM > NOAs. The inhibition of the ΔΨm by HANs is driven by dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), while dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) did not cause a significant change in the ΔΨm at less than 2000 µM. A mixture of HANs exhibited an antagonistic behavior on the ΔΨm compared to individual compounds. If water samples are concentrated to increase HAN concentrations, especially DBAN, then ΔΨm could be used as a biomonitoring tool for DBP toxicity.     

多种复合材料固定化反应器的对比研究

选用活性炭、海砺壳2种材料作为固定化载体,对改良型UASB系统去除COD的性能进行研究,结果表明选择既高柱又循环且增加载体填充体积的系统,可有效去除高浓度有机废水的COD,但当填充载体过高时,循环系统难以实现,并存在憋气的可能。     

Closing the water cycle for industrial laundries: An operational performance and techno-economic evaluation of a full-scale membrane bioreactor system

To reduce the consumption of freshwater in the laundry industry, a new trend of closing the water cycle has resulted in the reuse/recycling of water. In this study, the performance of a full-scale submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor (9 m³) used to treat/reuse industrial laundry wastewater was examined over a period of 288 days. The turbidity and total solids (TS) were reduced by 99%, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) effluent removal efficiencies were between 70% and 99%. The levels of COD removed by the membrane were significantly greater than the levels of biodegraded COD. This enabled the bioreactor to sustain COD levels that were below 100 mg/L, even during periods of low wastewater biodegradation due to bioreactor sludge. An economic evaluation of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) system showed a savings of 1.13 € per 1 m³ of water. The payback period for this system is approximately 6 years. The energy and maintenance costs represent only 5% of the total cost of the MBR system.