电增强环氧树脂基聚合物膜萃取水样中的硝基苯

以环氧树脂基聚合物膜为萃取相,在电场作用下富集目标物,与高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用,应用于环境水样中硝基苯污染物的测定.考察了电压大小、萃取时间、洗脱时间、离子强度和溶液pH值对电增强萃取效率的影响.实验结果表明,环氧树脂基聚合物膜的萃取量与膜上所施加的控制电位相关,阴极极化时,膜对硝基苯的萃取量增大;在阳极极化时,膜萃取量减小.在电压为-0.3kV,硝基苯溶液pH=4的条件下,萃取20min,得到该方法的检出限为0.015μg·mL-1,在0.05～3.0μg·mL-1范围内具有良好的线性关系,可决系数为0.9929,变异系数小于5%.用上述方法分析鱼塘水,硝基苯3种不同加标水平的回收率为79.8%～108.2%.结果表明,该方法既可用于环境水样品中的硝基苯去除又可用于检测.     

染整废水深度处理纳滤工艺膜污染成因分析

为调查棉针织染整废水纳滤脱盐系统膜污染的类型和成因,使用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜-EDX能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、高倍光学显微镜和X射线荧光光谱仪,从膜进水水质、膜过程污染状况和膜清洗效果等三方面进行了联合互补检测和综合分析.结果表明,棉针织染整废水脱盐过程中纳滤膜的污染类型包括无机污染、有机污染和微生物污染;干燥(105℃)的污染物成分组成中结合水所占质量分数约8.2%,有机成分所占质量分数约41.0%,无机成分所占质量分数约50.8%;在无机污染物中铁盐污染较为突出,有机污染物所包含的主要官能团为—OH、—CH和—CC,微生物污染物中包含原生动物和后生动物;短期膜污染和长期膜污染分析结果表明有机污染和微生物污染的形成需要长时间的累积效应;纳滤膜清洗试验结果表明,有机污染和微生物污染是引起膜通量下降的主要原因,两者对膜通量影响的贡献率约53.3%.     

RESEARCH ON INTEGRATED MBR SLUDGE CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS EFFECT ON FILTRATION PERFORMANCE

研究了一体式MBR长期不排泥运行的污泥特性变化,考察了水力停留时间、曝气量等因素对污泥增长特性、污泥颗粒粒径分布及膜过滤性能的影响,并探讨了这些因素之间的关系。结果表明：水力停留时间越短,MLSS与MLVSS增加越快,膜污染加速,膜过滤阻力增加越快,但MBR中污泥浓度的增长、变化对出水COD的影响不明显;污泥平均粒径随SRT的延长而减小,实验结束污泥粒径最小值为0.6μm大于实验用膜的孔径0.2μm,表明混合液中的微细颗粒污泥未对膜通量的下降起决定性作用,膜表面污泥的沉积对膜通量影响更大一些,增加曝气强度可以明显改善MBR的过滤性能。     

奥林匹克公园网球中心污水处理工程中不同组件的膜生物反应器对比研究

奥林匹克公园网球中心污水处理工程主体处理工艺为两套膜生物反应器,两套膜生物反应器并联运行,膜组件分别采用板式膜和管式膜。对两套不同组件的膜生物反应器进行对比研究,结果表明:出水水质均较好;与板式膜膜生物反应器相比,管式膜膜生物反应器流程复杂、清洗过程繁琐、膜分离单元电费和药剂费高,但是维修更换简便。     

水中粪大肠菌群测定的滤膜法研究

本方法主要研究滤膜法在实际监测工作中的可行性,利用实际水样对滤膜法与发酵法的监测结果进行比对,并对滤膜法的重复性和准确度进行监测研究。     

青白江区长流河水质监测质量评价与治理

采用水环境质量综合指数评价法对青白江区长流河水质进行监测评价,结果表明长流河水质污染严重,氨氮和总氮严重超标,不同水期污染水平为总氮＞氨氮＞CODCr.提出治理长流河的方法要从生态、经济、人文、社会效应等多方面考虑,使青白江区长流河水资源可持续发展.     

Arsenic in Drinking Water and Its Removal

Abstract

Superfluous arsenic in drinking water can do harm to human health. In this paper, a broad overview of the available technologies for arsenic removal has been presented on the basis of literature survey. The main treatment methods included coagulation-sedimentation, adsorption separation and ion exchange, membrane technique, which have both advantages and disadvantages. It concluded that the selection of treatment process should be site specific and prevailing conditions and no process can serve the purpose under diverse conditions as each technology has its own limitations. In order to gain good results, some methods should be improved.     

Fate of microplastics in a coastal wastewater treatment plant: Microfibers could partially break through the integrated membrane system

• Fate of microplastics in integrated membrane system for water reuse was investigated. • Integrated membrane system has high removal efficiency (>98%) for microplastics. • Microplastics (>93%) were mainly removed through membrane bioreactor treatment. • Small scale fiber plastics (<200 μm) could break through reverse osmosis (RO) system. • The flux of microplastics maintained at 2.7 × 10¹¹ MPs/d after the RO treatment. Rare information on the fate of microplastics in the integrated membrane system (IMS) system in full-scale wastewater treatment plant was available. The fate of microplastics in IMS in a coastal reclaimed water plant was investigated. The removal rate of microplastics in the IMS system reached 93.2% after membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment while that further increased to 98.0% after the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process. The flux of microplastics in MBR effluent was reduced from 1.5 × 10¹³ MPs/d to 10.2 × 10¹¹ MPs/d while that of the RO treatment decreased to 2.7 × 10¹¹ MPs/d. Small scale fiber plastics (<200 μm) could break through RO system according to the size distribution analysis. The application of the IMS system in the reclaimed water plant could prevent most of the microplastics from being discharged in the coastal water. These findings suggested that the IMS system was more efficient than conventional activated sludge system (CAS) for the removal of microplastics, while the discharge of small scale fiber plastics through the IMS system should also not be neglected because small scale fiber plastics (<200 μm) could break through IMS system equipped with the RO system.     

Enhanced cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes by titanium-based coagulation for membrane fouling control

• Ceramic membrane filtration showed high performance for surface water treatment. • PTC pre-coagulation could enhance ceramic membrane filtration performance. • Ceramic membrane fouling was investigated by four varied mathematical models. • PTC pre-coagulation was high-effective for ceramic membrane fouling control. Application of ceramic membrane (CM) with outstanding characteristics, such as high flux and chemical-resistance, is inevitably restricted by membrane fouling. Coagulation was an economical and effective technology for membrane fouling control. This study investigated the filtration performance of ceramic membrane enhanced by the emerging titanium-based coagulant (polytitanium chloride, PTC). Particular attention was paid to the simulation of ceramic membrane fouling using four widely used mathematical models. Results show that filtration of the PTC-coagulated effluent using flat-sheet ceramic membrane achieved the removal of organic matter up to 78.0%. Permeate flux of ceramic membrane filtration reached 600 L/(m²·h), which was 10-fold higher than that observed with conventional polyaluminum chloride (PAC) case. For PTC, fouling of the ceramic membrane was attributed to the formation of cake layer, whereas for PAC, standard filtration/intermediate filtration (blocking of membrane pores) was also a key fouling mechanism. To sum up, cross-flow filtration with flat-sheet ceramic membranes could be significantly enhanced by titanium-based coagulation to produce both high-quality filtrate and high-permeation flux.     

基于CO2气体分离的固载离子液体@介孔二氧化硅混合基质膜

为提升混合基质膜对CO₂的气体分离性能,将具有良好CO₂吸附特性能的离子液体首先固载于介孔SiO₂中,而后将该复合材料掺杂到 聚酰亚胺高分子中构建高效分离CO₂的混合基质膜.研究结果表明,固载离子液体主要进入介孔SiO₂的孔道内部,但当绝大部分介孔孔道被离子液体填满后,过多离子液体在SiO₂颗粒外围形成连接.由于离子液体对CO₂优异的吸附性能,其固载后介孔SiO₂对CO₂的吸附性能得到的显著提升,这进一步增强了固载离子液体的介孔SiO₂掺杂混合基质膜对CO₂气体的捕获,随着混合基质膜中离子液体固载量增加其CO₂渗透性能也明显提升.但当固载离子液体加入量达到1.0 g时,固载离子液体的介孔SiO₂在PI高分子中出现了团聚,其CO₂渗透性能反而下降.IL@C-SiO₂-2/PI膜的渗透性能和对CO₂的渗透选择性都达到最佳,其对CO₂/N₂理想选择性可达到30.