氯化铁絮凝-直接过滤工艺对地下水中As(Ⅴ)的去除机制研究

为探明氯化铁(Fe Cl3)絮凝-直接过滤工艺对地下水中砷(As)的去除过程及机制,分别进行了批吸附实验、现场絮凝-直接过滤实验、扩展X射线精细结构光谱(EXAFS)及电荷分布多位络合(CD-MUSIC)模拟.采集的地下水样品As主要为五价[As(Ⅴ)],浓度为40μg·L-1.现场柱实验直接过滤工艺中Fe投加量为1.5 mg·L-1,出水As(Ⅴ)浓度均低于10μg·L-1,92 h内可提供64 984 L安全饮用水.固体废物毒性浸出实验表明泥饼浸出液中As浓度为3.4μg·L-1,远低于美国环保署限定值(5 mg·L-1).EXAFS和CD-MUSIC模拟表明Fe Cl3絮凝去除地下水中As(Ⅴ)存在两种机制:在p H 3~9.5范围内,As(Ⅴ)主要以双齿双核吸附在氢氧化铁上;p H9.5时,As(Ⅴ)主要与Ca2+和Mg2+形成沉淀而去除.     

不同海拔鬼箭锦鸡儿根际和非根际土壤细菌群落多样性及PICRUSt功能预测

鬼箭锦鸡儿作为我国北方高山和亚高山地区的主要建群植物,是区域生态系统的重要组成部分,但是很少有研究关注其对土壤生态系统的影响及其对环境变化的响应.因而,以鬼箭锦鸡儿为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析了不同海拔鬼箭锦鸡儿根际和非根际土壤细菌群落多样性特征,并进行了功能预测分析.结果表明,所有样品共检测到43门、 112纲、 251目、 324科和542属,变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门是根际和非根际土壤中的优势菌群.虽然不同海拔之间,鬼箭锦鸡儿根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性指数和群落结构不存在显著差异,但是在同一海拔水平上,根际和非根际土壤细菌多样性指数和群落结构组成存在显著差异.PICRUSt功能预测表明,细菌群落主要涉及氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、辅助因子和维生素代谢等29个子功能,表现出功能上的丰富性,且代谢为最主要的功能.土壤细菌二级代谢通路预测基因相对丰度的变化与变形菌门、酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门等菌群丰度显著相关,并且土壤细菌预测功能基因组成的差异与土壤细菌群落结构的差异呈显著正相关,说明细菌群落结构与功能基因可能存在密切联系.研究初步探讨了不同海拔梯度下鬼箭锦鸡儿根际和非根际土壤细菌...     

人居环境的可控性

针对人居环境的复杂性、动态性以及纷繁复杂的影响因素，试图以系统论的观点考查人居环境的可能性发展空间，提出了人居环境大系统的观点，阐述了人工系统、人文系统和自然系统的构成和关系，提出并论述了通过结构优化、功能模拟、反馈控制等方法促使人居环境系统得到合理发展的观点。     

快速设置装配式防洪子堤的设计及应用

针对防洪工程要求和目前防洪子堤技术存在的问题,提出了可折叠的装配式防洪子堤的设计思想,进行了子堤的材料性能试验和结构设计,研制了一种装配式玻璃钢桐木夹层防洪子堤.通过对子堤在土堤和混凝土堤表面挡水试验和快速设置技术的应用研究,表明该防洪子堤具有重量轻、可重复使用和快速设置等特点,特别适合在需要临时加高的水库大坝、江防大堤和城市河岸堤防工程中使用.     

The Spatiotemporal Structure of Rodent Populations in the Steppe Zone of Western Siberia

The spatial structure of populations has been studied in two rodent species inhabiting the subzone of meadow steppes of the steppe zone of Omsk oblast: the narrow-sculled vole (Microtus gregalis Pall.) and steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus Pall.). Their populations are represented by combinations of territorial family groups whose structure and spatial distribution vary by season depending on population density, the phase of the population cycle, and the status of their members in the population. In the areas cohabited by M. gregalis and L. lagurus, the pattern of territory use and the rhythm of animal activity during the day depend primarily on their total density: under conditions of low density, the population groups of both species are spatially separated; at increased density, they are distributed with respect to the pattern of daily activity. Both species jointly use part of the territory but at different times of day: M. gregalis, mainly at night and in the morning; L. lagurus, in the daytime.     

The spatiotemporal structure of population in the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

The spatiotemporal structure of the muskrat population has been studied by means of the prenatal radioactive marking of juveniles with 45 Ca and their subsequent recapture in the test area. The muskrat population is characterized by a cyclic type of spatial structure, with seasonal transition from a mosaic type of settling to a diffuse type and, after the breeding season, vice versa.     

Floating Population Increase and Its Influence on the Urban Population Situation:A Case Study in Beijing

1 BACKGROUND OF FLOATING POPULATIONIN CHINAChina's urbanization process was influenced mainly bythe government interventions before the adoption of thesocial and economic reform started in 1978. Since thefoundation of the People's Republic of China, thegovernment had strictly controlled the internal migration,especially from rural to urban areas. The ability of thegovernment to make a strong impact on the migrationand urbanization was realized by the household registrationsyste…     

Structure and Differentiation of Spruce Populations in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia

The structures and differentiation patterns of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (P. obovata) populations have been studied in a wide area, including the transition zone of their continuous geographic range. The areas occupied by transitional populations have been detected. Series of distinct populations of the Norway and Siberian spruces are located to the west and east of them, respectively.     

山区发展与特色经济研究--以湖北省恩施自治州为例

以湖北省恩施自治州为例，探讨了山区发展特色经济的重要途径。对其资源环境结构与产业结构作了对应分析，得出该区经济发展的优势在“山林”，而不在“耕地”，在地方“特色资源”，而不在“大众资源”。并采取经济区位商法，对本区众多资源进行了优势评价。根据其资源优势特点，指出恩施的优势在“山上”，应走以“绿色农业”为基础、以轻型加工业为主的发展道路，使本地区的经济结构由长期以来的一、二、三产业低位的传统排序逐步变为高层面的二、一、三的新排序。构建符合山区特色的产业结构。