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121.
Abstract The feasibility of using agricultural residual with highly organic matter content ‐ spent mushroom compost (SMC) as adsorption medium for removal of pesticides including carbaryl, carbofuran, and aldicarb with a concentration range of 0–30 mg/L from rinsate was investigated. Bottle‐point method was used to determine adsorption isotherms for single‐pesticide and multi‐pesticides. It was found that SMC might potentially be used for on‐farm treatment of pesticide rinsate. The adsorption capacity of SMC was increased compared to most soils, possibly related to the increased organic matter content. The rapid equilibrium of pesticide solution and SMC was consistent with a physical type of adsorption mechanism. The adsorption of carbamate pesticides on SMC was found to exhibit nonlinear “favorable”; adsorption behavior that could be characterized well by the Freundlich isotherm model. In addition, the multi‐pesticide adsorption tests displayed the characteristics of competitive behavior. The competitive ability of these three pesticides in multi‐components adsorption was in the order carbaryl > carbofuran > aldicarb, which was consistent with the adsorbability of pesticides. 相似文献
122.
使用建筑弃土与污泥堆肥配制营养土并应用于园林绿化。以凤仙花为研究对象,通过盆栽实验观察和对比分析了凤仙花从播种到开花整个生命过程的生长指标,并对其结果进行模糊评价。结果表明,凤仙花播种期和生长期各生长指标随着营养土中堆肥含量的增加而增加,并在堆肥施用量30%时达到最佳;营养土中的重金属对凤仙花的生长速度有抑制效应,主要集中在播种期和生长期初期,随着凤仙花的生长成熟,重金属的胁迫效应持续减少,并在成熟期显著降低,重金属对凤仙花地表部分的抑制更为明显;建筑弃土与污泥堆肥配制的营养土对园林植物营养效果良好,成熟期的凤仙花生物量大幅度增加,最大增幅550%;通过模糊评价并综合考虑配置方案,最佳堆肥施用量为30%。 相似文献
123.
George F. Antonious Zachary M. Ray Louie Rivers Jr 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):9-14
Dimethoate [O, O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl-methyl) phosphorodithioate] is a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide currently used worldwide and on many vegetables in Kentucky. Dimethoate is a hydrophilic compound (log KOW = 0.7) and has the potential of offsite movement from the application site into runoff and infiltration water. The dissipation patterns of dimethoate residues were studied on spring broccoli leaves and heads under field conditions. Following foliar application of Dimethoate 4E on broccoli foliage at the rate of 0.47 L acre?1, dimethoate residues were monitored in soil, runoff water collected down the land slope, and in infiltration water collected from the vadose zone. The study was conducted on a Lowell silty loam soil (pH 6.9) planted with broccoli under three soil management practices: (i) soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge, (ii) soil mixed with yard waste compost, and (iii) no-mulch rototilled bare soil. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of mixing native soil with municipal sewage sludge or yard waste compost, having considerable amounts of organic matter, on off-site movement of dimethoate residues into runoff and infiltration water following spring rainfall. The initial deposits of dimethoate were 6.2 and 21.4 μ g g?1 on broccoli heads and leaves, respectively. These residues dissipated rapidly and fell below the maximum residue limit of 2 μ g g?1 on the heads and leaves after 10 and 14 d, respectively, with half-lives of 5.7 d on broccoli heads and 3.9 d on the leaves. Dimethoate residues detected in top 15 cm of soil (due to droplet drift and wash off residues from broccoli foliage) one day (d) following spraying, were 30.5 ng g?1 dry soil in the sewage sludge treatment, and 46.1 and 134.5 ng g?1 dry soil in the yard waste and no mulch treatments, respectively. Water infiltration was greater from yard waste compost treatment than from no mulch treatment, however concentrations of dimethoate in the vadose zone of the three soil treatments did not differ. 相似文献
124.
Fekadu Shemekite María Gómez-Brandón Ingrid H. Franke-Whittle Barbara Praehauser Heribert Insam Fassil Assefa 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(3):642-652
Various parameters were measured during a 90-day composting process of coffee husk with cow dung (Pile 1), with fruit/vegetable wastes (Pile 2) and coffee husk alone (Pile 3). Samples were collected on days 0, 32 and 90 for chemical and microbiological analyses. C/N ratios of Piles 1 and 2 decreased significantly over the 90 days. The highest bacterial counts at the start of the process and highest actinobacterial counts at the end of the process (Piles 1 and 2) indicated microbial succession with concomitant production of compost relevant enzymes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of rDNA and COMPOCHIP microarray analysis indicated distinctive community shifts during the composting process, with day 0 samples clustering separately from the 32 and 90-day samples. This study, using a multi-parameter approach, has revealed differences in quality and species diversity of the three composts. 相似文献
125.
为了研究不同C/N比值在不同温度条件下牛粪堆肥30d时的全量养分和有机质的含量情况,提出了以新鲜牛粪和苜蓿秸秆混合物为堆料,在添加1%的生物腐熟剂的基础上,对堆肥温度及C/N比进行调控,并进行交叉实验。结果表明,(1)采用培养箱进行好氧发酵时,在温度为30℃和45℃的环境下堆肥最佳,温度过低或过高都会影响堆肥。(2)牛粪高温好氧堆肥时,添加一定比例的苜蓿秸秆可以调节堆料的C/N比值、含水量,缩短堆肥时间,其中牛粪与秸秆比例为1:l混合堆肥效果较好。(3)堆肥30d时,堆料的TN、TP和TK含量较堆肥初期都有所增加,有机质含量有所降低是因为矿化和释放养分造成的,且各含量均符合国家有机肥标准。 相似文献
126.
Qingrong Qian Motoi Machida Masami Aikawa Hideki Tatsumoto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):53-61
Activated carbons were prepared from cattle manure compost (CMC) by ZnCl2 activation with various ZnCl2/CMC mass ratios. Based on the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, mathematical models including the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation, the αs plot, and the Horvath-Kawazoe method were used to analyze the pore structural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons.
It was found that for carbons possessing both micro-and mesopores, the DR method provided a more accurate estimation than
the αs method for the extent of microporosity. The effect of the ZnCl2 impregnation ratio on the pore structure was discussed using the DR method. The results revealed that pore evolution involved
three distinct regions with increases in the amount of impregnated ZnCl2: raising the ZnCl2/CMC mass ratio from 0.00 to 0.50 resulted in a 19-fold increase in micropore volume (Vme
D) but caused no change in the mesopore volume (Vme
D); increasing the ZnCl2/CMC mass ratio from 0.50 to 1.00 led to an increment in Vmi
D of about 50% and in Vme
D of 170%; while raising the ratio from 1.50 to 2.50 caused a slight decrease in Vmi
D but a 200% increment in the value of Vme
D. 相似文献
127.
剩余污泥好氧堆肥生产有机复混肥的肥分及效益分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
城市污水处理厂剩余污泥含有大量有机质和氮、磷等营养元素,是农业生产宝贵的肥源。将污泥制成有机复混肥可以使作物增产,并改善土壤结构、提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
128.
Metribuzin, a triazinone herbicide, is heavily used within the expansive Nzoia River Drainage Basin in Kenya for the optimization of sugarcane yields. For field experiments, soils were spiked with metribuzin and amended with filter mud compost and Tithonia diversifolia leaves. Soils with history of metribuzin application (48 months) were also spiked with metribuzin but not amended with the organic materials. Degradation of metribuzin for the three variants was followed for a period of 102 days. Repeated exposure of metribuzin to soil and addition of filter mud compost to soil enhances the degradation of metribuzin with half dissipation times of 31 and 25 days. In soil amended with Tithonia diversfolia leaves, the half dissipation time was 32 days while in the control (unamended non history soil), it was 36 days. Laboratory studies showed that soil sterilization slowed the degradation of metribuzin, with a half dissipation time of 154 days. This confirmed that metribuzin was biochemically degraded in soil by an adapted community of microbes. 相似文献
129.
130.