树脂D201上粗漆酶的固定化及对孔雀石绿的脱色

云芝粗漆酶以3种方法,即静电吸附法(D201-Lac-Ⅰ)、先吸附后交联法(D201-Lac-Ⅱ)、戊二醛处理树脂后吸附法(D201-Lac-Ⅲ)固定到大孔阴离子交换树脂D201上.与静电吸附法相比,D201-Lac-Ⅱ的漆酶固载量大幅提升至4.65倍,漆酶比活力却严重受损,只有前者的4.8%;D201-Lac-Ⅲ的漆酶固载量略有下降,为静电吸附法的0.51倍,漆酶比活力却显著提高至静电吸附法的2.99倍.利用电子透射电镜(TEM)可明显观察到D201-Lac-Ⅲ漆酶分子聚合体的阴影.用D201-Lac-Ⅲ对孔雀石绿进行了连续多批次脱色试验,在长达210 h的连续操作中,其脱色效率未观察到有下降趋势,一直稳定在40%～55%之间,D201-Lac-Ⅲ的酶活亦未观察到下降,同等条件下游离的漆酶活力已损失至20%以下,证明D201-Lac-Ⅲ具有显著提升的稳定性和优良的重复利用性.考虑到粗漆酶廉价易得,D201-Lac-Ⅲ在水处理应用中可能大有前景.     

复合惰气在采空区遗煤中竞争吸附的分子动力学模拟研究*

为明确作用于采空区的复合惰气的竞争吸附,进行不同温度、压力及组分下烟煤对N2、O2、CO2多元气体竞争吸附分子的模拟研究。研究结果表明:当注入压力达到3 MPa后,竞争吸附效果不再明显,为高压注入提供一定的理论基础;随着CO2分压的增大,O2吸附量降低速度逐渐平缓,初步确定最佳注入配比范围为2∶1至3∶1,为进一步结合实际工程中成本等因素确定最佳注入配比提供参考;等量吸附热受吸附条件的影响较小,仅与吸附质本身有关;随着CO2分压的增大,范德华能升高56.9%,分子内能升高78.7%,静电能升高67.2%,CO2对整个系统内的吸附作用强度及吸附量有着较大的影响;随着CO2分压增大,N2竞争吸附能力逐渐弱于O2,竞争吸附能力大小顺序为CO2>O2>N2。     

广西十万大山背景点PM2.5中非极性有机气溶胶组成及来源解析

大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)中的非极性化合物包括多环芳烃（PAHs）和正构烷烃（n-alkanes）等,通常用于识别污染来源,且对人体健康和环境有很重要的影响.为探究广西背景点PM_2.5中非极性有机气溶胶的污染特征及来源,于2017年11月至2018年10月,对野外采集的PM_2.5样品分析了其中17种多环芳烃和20种正构烷烃.结果表明,多环芳烃和正构烷烃全年的平均值分别为（4.28±4.25）ng·m^-3和（13.7±14.72）ng·m^-3;季节变化规律均是：冬季[（7.86±5.19）ng·m^-3和（27.51±16.9）ng·m^-3]>春季[（2.73±1.76）ng·m^-3和（7.64±4.71）ng·m^-3]>秋季[（2.34±1.45）ng·m^-3和（7.01±4.55）ng·m^-3]>夏季[（1.91±1.67）ng·...     

不同盐度下活性污泥中微生物群落变化规律及其处理模拟染料废水

通过逐渐提高SBR反应器中活性污泥的盐度,探索不同盐度下活性污泥的活性、性质及其微生物群落变化,并研究结晶紫废水以及纳米四氧化三铁对微生物群落的影响.结果表明,随着盐度的增加,活性污泥的COD、氨氮去除率以及污泥体积指数SVI值均降低,在质量分数2%的盐度下,COD、NH_4~+-N的去除率为80%和75%,SVI值不足35 mL·g~(-1);随着盐度的增加微生物的多样性逐渐减少,系统中革兰氏阴性菌优势菌种的位置逐渐被真菌和放线菌取代,而革兰氏阳性菌依然为优势菌;加入结晶紫染料的活性污泥与盐度为2%的活性污泥样品相比发现:红细菌属、丽水菌属含量有所增加,产黄杆菌、农杆菌属含量减小.加入MNPs的结晶紫-活性污泥与不加MNPs的结晶紫活性污泥对比:酸胞菌属、产黄杆菌含量增加,红细菌属、农杆菌属含量减小.     

Biogenic volatile organic compound analyses by PTR-TOF-MS: Calibration,humidity effect and reduced electric field dependency

Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) emitted by plants after stress or damage induction are a major part of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) is a high-resolution and sensitive technique for in situ GLV analyses, while its performance is dramatically influenced by humidity, electric field, etc. In this study the influence of gas humidity and the effect of reduced field (E/N) were examined in addition to measuring calibration curves for the GLVs. Calibration curves measured for seven of the GLVs in dry air were linear, with sensitivities ranging from 5 to 10 ncps/ppbv (normalized counts per second/parts per billion by volume). The sensitivities for most GLV analyses were found to increase by between 20% and 35% when the humidity of the sample gas was raised from 0% to 70% relative humidity (RH) at 21°C, with the exception of (E)-2-hexenol. Product ion branching ratios were also affected by humidity, with the relative abundance of the protonated molecular ions and higher mass fragment ions increasing with humidity. The effect of reduced field (E/N) on the fragmentation of GLVs was examined in the drift tube of the PTR-TOF-MS. The structurally similar GLVs are acutely susceptible to fragmentation following ionization and the fragmentation patterns are highly dependent on E/N. Overall the measured fragmentation patterns contain sufficient information to permit at least partial separation and identification of the isomeric GLVs by looking at differences in their fragmentation patterns at high and low E/N.     

沼渣改性复混肥对小白菜生长及品质的影响

将沼渣有机肥与不同比例的化肥配制成不同配方的沼渣复混肥,用作为小白菜生长的基肥。通过对小白菜生长指标及品质的比较,分析不同配方沼渣复混肥对小白菜生长和品质的影响,选出适合小白菜生长并提高其品质的复混肥配方。结果表明,E处理小白菜VC含量为1.582 8 mg/g,可溶性糖含量为42.34%,硝酸盐含量为77.86 mg/kg,叶绿素SPAD值为50.33,更有利于小白菜的生长和品质的改善。     

几种模型物质在氯化中形成THMs、HAAs的特性研究

以胃蛋白酶(蛋白质)、谷胱甘肽(氨基酸多肽)、葡萄糖(糖类)作为模型物质代表藻来源有机物,并以Fluka腐殖酸为对照,研究其耗氯量、三卤甲烷(主要是氯仿)、卤乙酸(主要是二氯乙酸(DCAA)、三氯乙酸(TCAA))的形成情况.结果显示4种模型物质在氯化后,其余氯在前2 h迅速降低,6 h后则下降速度渐缓;其中耗氯量最大的是谷胱甘肽(96 h:7.1 mg·mg^-1(以每毫克碳计,下同)),其次是胃蛋白酶(96 h:4.2 mg·mg^-1)、腐殖酸(96 h:3.0 mg·mg^-1),而葡萄糖最小(96 h:0.7 mg·mg^-1).4种模型物质氯仿、DCAA、TCAA的生成速度也是在起初的2 h较快,随后渐缓;但从单位碳的产量来看,腐殖酸和胃蛋白酶形成氯仿(96h: 15.1~55.2 μg·mg^-1(以每毫克碳计,下同))、DCAA(96 h: 15.1~55.2 μg·mg^-1)、TCAA(96h: 15.1~55.2 μg·mg^-1)均较多,而谷胱甘肽、葡萄糖则相对较少(氯仿-96 h:2.5~5.1 μg·mg^-1;DCAA-96 h:0.6~8.0 μg·mg^-1;TCAA-96 h:0.12~3.8 μg·mg^-1);而从前驱物特性来说,氯仿、TCAA的前驱物具有较高的芳香度(即高的SUV₂₅₄值),而DCAA前驱物的SUV₂₅₄相对较低.对于富含蛋白质、多肽、糖类等的富营养化饮用水源,则要格外注意饮用水中DCAA所带来的健康风险.     

Removal of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution by marine green alga Ulva lactuca

Biosorption of colours is an important technology for treatment of different types of industrial wastewaters containing dyes. The objective of this study was to convert green alga Ulva lactuca to dye adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The importance of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for the biological treatment of synthetic basic blue 9 (5-ch1oro-N,N,N^',N^'-tetramethyl-5λ⁴-phenothiazine-3,7-diamine) effluents. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed the ability of the green algae to remove the basic blue 9, and this was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass. We investigated the equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption, and the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used to fit the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption isotherm of basic blue 9 followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models with a correlation coefficient of ∼0.96-0.99, and the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (R²=1.0). The maximum adsorption capacity was about 40.2 mg of dye per gram of dry green algae at pH 10, 25 g l^-1 dye and 2.5 g l^-1 alga concentrations. This study demonstrated that the green algae could be used as an effective biosorbent for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater streams.