卫星观测资料改进活性VOCs源排放及其对臭氧模拟影响

本文以INTEX-B(Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B)人为源、FINNv1(Fire Inventory from NCAR version 1)生物质燃烧源、MEGAN(Model of Emissions of Gases and Aer...     

提高柴油/甲醇组合燃烧尾气排放质量的研究

对原机、柴油/甲醇组合燃烧,以及带氧化催化转化器的柴油/甲醇组合燃烧3种情况下的尾气排放进行了比较和研究.针对柴油/甲醇组合燃烧可以使NOx、烟度大幅度下降,但同时PM、CO和HC的排放浓度与原机相比反而增加的现状,通过加装氧化催化转化器,对废气进行处理后,发现HC、CO和PM排放明显减少.与原机相比,不仅可以实现大幅度降低NOx,而且PM排放也有较大幅度下降.采用透射电子显微镜观察发现,与原机相比,柴油/甲醇组合燃烧的PM排放中干炭烟(DS)减少,但是可溶有机物(SOF)增加.经过氧化催化转化器处理后,尾气的PM中大量SOF和HC化合物被消除,致使PM的质量明显减少.     

餐饮业油烟气排放量的重量法监测

通过试验提出了一种监测餐饮业油烟气的方法，方法首次以单位体积油烟气中总有机物的质量来表示油烟气在空气中的浓度。通过试验选择了最佳监测条件；以石油醚作吸收剂，用ＫＢ－６Ａ型或ＴＭＰ－１５００型空气采样器，控制流量在０．４Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，采集油烟气，并在４０℃时挥发掉吸收剂，经称量得到监测结果，该法所需仪器和试剂简单，并在实际监测中得到了预期的结果。     

Microeconomic theory of chemical production processes: application to aqueous VOC air stripping operations

A novel microeconomic formalism for chemical processes is applied to air stripping of harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aqueous streams in a conventional packed tower. A simplified conceptual process model is combined with techno-economic aggregation rules to obtain an engineering production function, which relates process inputs (capital, material, labor, and energy) to output (stripped water flow rate). Process relationships determine column length and diameter required to achieve a specified VOC percent recovery from an aqueous stream of given composition and flow rate. Total capital is determined using a defined capital unit (1 capital unit=10 foot of 6-inch schedule 40 carbon steel welded pipe=$122, Jan. 1990) to put all installed capital equipment on the same basis and multiplying by 3.37 to account for the necessary plant infrastructure. Process labor is obtained from an empirical correlation, which relates workerhours to mass throughput. Simulations were made for four systems comprised from each of two representative random packings (i.e. 25-mm plastic Pall rings and 25-mm ceramic Raschig rings) and two model VOCs (i.e. 1,2-dichloroethane and trichloroethylene). Several examples are given, and process, technical and economic analyses of the results are presented. Two-dimensional (capital-energy) optimization was effective in determining the least cost combination of inputs for a plant to produce a specified output of stripped water. Furthermore, conventional economic models (e.g. Cobb-Douglas model) and associated methods (e.g. linear programming) were shown to be ineffective for air stripping plant design and optimization. Moreover, increasing returns to scale with economies of scale (declining long-run average cost) are prevalent.     

生物降解常见染料的研究进展

染料广泛用于纺织厂、染化厂和造纸厂等,由于染料的生态毒性,已经造成了严重的环境污染.本文综述了近年来国内外研究发现的染料降解微生物及其降解机理.     

强化3级Fenton氧化结合石灰乳中和混凝处理苯系染料中间体废水

采用多级Fenton氧化结合石灰乳中和混凝对苯系染料中间体废水进行强化处理,考察了Fenton试剂投加级数和投加比例对废水处理效果的影响,以及多级Fenton氧化之间石灰乳中和混凝作用效果,并分析了废水中有机成分的变化趋势。结果表明：Fenton氧化过程中,COD去除率随着Fenton试剂投加级数的增加逐渐增大,3级时效果最佳。3级Fenton处理过程中,Fenton试剂的投加比例为1：2：3时,COD去除率最高。在Fenton试剂投加比例为1：2：3的3级Fenton氧化过程中,石灰乳可有效调节pH由2.5至4.0,同时其混凝作用也可进一步提高COD去除率,最终COD去除率可达97.20%。经GC-MS对各个过程中有机物的分析鉴定,可发现原废水中的苯系有机物逐渐变化为苯酚、对苯醌以及短链小分子脂肪酸等物质。     

真菌和细菌对染料吸附脱色的高效共培养体系研究

在含有真菌G 1培养液中加入染料厂污水排放口的污泥样品 ,从发生快速脱色降解染料的混合培养液中分离出 2株染料脱色细菌L_1和L_2 ,经API鉴定系统鉴定 ,确定菌株L_1为Enterobactersp .,菌株L_2为Peudomonassp .。研究比较了单一和不同组合混合的真菌G_1菌株 (Penicilliumsp .)、细菌L_1菌株 (Enterobactersp .)和L_2菌株 (Pseu domonassp .)对偶氮染料红M - 3BE(C .I .ReactiveRed 2 41)和蒽醌染料艳蓝KN -R(C .1.ReactiveBlue 19)的去除情况 ,发现G - 1真菌和 2种细菌组合的共培养体系对 5 0mg/L红M - 3BE和艳蓝KN -R处理 5h去除率达 10 0 %和 97.9% ,并且是以脱色降解作用为主 ,建立了染料脱色降解菌的最佳组合 ;进一步测定了此最佳共培养体系对另外 13种不同结构染料的脱色降解 ,结果表明 ,除对蒽醌染料R - 478脱色降解较差外 ,对其他染料均可在lh— 3d被完全脱色降解 ,表现出脱色降解染料的广谱性 ;向培养 4d的共培养体系中依次加入 8种染料 ,菌体可对染料连续脱色 ,维持脱色能力达 8d左右     

Variability of Flow and Solutes in the Rattaphum Catchment (Songkhla Lake Basin), Thailand

Pesticides can have a number of adverse impacts on crops, soil and water. In this paper, we focus on the physical and hydraulic properties of soils controlling the leaching of pesticides into the shallow groundwater of the Rattaphum Catchment in Thailand. Results from an analysis of soil physical properties, hydraulic conductivity, dye tracer and bromide tests show that the top 10–30 cm of soils in the three agro-ecosystems (vegetables, fruits and rubber) have a high clay and organic carbon content and are relatively impermeable with very low hydraulic conductivity (15–40 cm/day). Most of the dye and bromide were retained in the top clayey layer; the bromide forming a miniature bulge below 30 cm in two profiles which dissipated after 30 days, while the pesticides were mainly confined to the top 10 cm.     

含油污水中固体废物固化与燃煤混烧的可行性

在含油污水处理过程中易产生含油污泥、活性污泥及浮渣等固体废物,利用传统的焚烧法、分离法、填埋法、生物降解法处理这些废物具有一定的缺陷和局限性。为了利用这些废物中的油及有机质的潜在能量,大庆炼化公司对固体废物进行了脱水固化试验。结果表明,脱水后的废物可以达到较好的固化状态,并具有一定的热值。固化废物经粉碎处理后,可按一定比例与燃煤混烧。在正常生产状况下,热电厂可保证混合燃烧的效果,其总体热值不会降低。混烧后的灰渣和炉渣可作为水泥厂的原料。该方法有利于环境保护,但其工业化生产可行性有待于进一步证实。     

城市生活垃圾的堆肥研究

城市生活垃圾经动态式堆肥翻堆机处理制成腐熟堆肥，并最终试制成有机复混颗粒肥，二者先后在茶树、数种花卉作物和数种叶菜类蔬菜上进行田间试验，证明有较好的肥效，且成本较低廉，在农业生产上有实际应用的价值。从环境保护角度上看：这种方法是将城市生活垃圾转化为资源化、无害化的一项有意义的举措。