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Woo-Jung Choi Gwang-Hyun Han Sang-Mo Lee Goon-Taek Lee Kwang-Sik Yoon Soo-Myung Choi Hee-Myong Ro 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):259-268
An understanding of the long-term changes in the nitrate contamination pattern of unconfined groundwater is critical to conservation of drinking water in rural areas supporting mixed land-use activities such as cropping, livestock farming, and residence. To examine the effect of different land-use activities on nitrate contamination, groundwater samples were collected monthly for 3 years (1997–1999) from 12 wells in rural areas with different land-use activities and analyzed for the concentrations and N isotopic ratios (δ15N) of nitrate. The characteristics of nitrate contamination clearly differed with land-use activities. The percentages of samples that had a nitrate concentration exceeding the national standard for drinking water (10 mg N L−1) were 0, 23, 43, and 67% for the uncontaminated natural area, cropping area, cropping-livestock farming complex area, and residential area, respectively. The range of δ15N values was between +1.4 and +4.5‰ for groundwater nitrate from the uncontaminated natural area. In the cropping area, the δ15N values were slightly different with the type of fertilizer applied to fields in the vicinity of the well, and the values ranged between +8.7 and +14.4‰ for the compost-applied area and between +4.5 and +8.5‰ for the area where urea was applied with compost. The δ15N values of the cropping-livestock farming complex area ranged from +1.0 to +17.7‰, probably resulting from mixed contamination sources (inorganic fertilizer and livestock manure). The well located closest to the livestock feedlot had relatively higher δ15N values, with a range between +8.7 and +17.6‰. In the residential area, a higher δ15N (most frequently above +10‰) of nitrate suggested that the major source of contamination was effluent from leaky septic tanks. Our data showed that unconfined groundwater is susceptible to land-use activities above the aquifers, and the impacts of the activities could be more precisely inferred from long-term data on the concentration and δ15N of nitrate. By determining the impacts, more effective (specific to contamination sources) measures for preventing groundwater quality could be implemented. 相似文献
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William C. Sidle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(5):1067-1077
ABSTRACT: Water balance modeling and the analysis of stable water isotopes in ground water were conducted to aid the location of ground water discharge areas within the Goose River basin, in mid‐coastal Maine. Previous investigations of drinking water from wells in the fractured crystalline bedrock encountered persistent elevated total arsenic. Such contamination may be related to discharging ground water from fractured zones in the basin. Modeled discharge rates greater than +10 cm/yr and 18O values lighter than‐9.5 per mil VSMOW may indicate recent recharge is mixing with deeper ground water and is focused along some fractured zones in arsenic bearing crystalline rocks. 相似文献
155.
我国地下水中硝酸盐污染问题严峻,尤其农业产区地下水硝酸盐污染日益突出,严重影响了地下饮用水安全,急需引起重视.通过综述发现,我国地下水中硝酸盐的主要来源为大气沉降、土壤氮、农业施肥和粪便污水等,其中粪便污水和农业施肥是地下水硝酸盐超标的主要原因.总结了水化学分析法、多元统计分析法、稳定同位素示踪法和微生物源追踪等技术在地下水硝酸盐溯源中的应用.各种溯源方法均有一定的局限性,建议采用多种方法联合识别地下水中硝酸盐来源,并通过多元统计分析和同位素定量解析模型计算不同污染来源贡献率.硝酸盐污染溯源经历了从定性到定量的研究过程,目前基于δ15N-NO3 -和δ18O-NO3 -解析硝酸盐来源的SIAR和MixSIAR模型已经相当成熟,但由于不同输入端元同位素特征值范围相互重叠,不同时空变化等条件下δ15N-NO3 -和δ18O-NO3 -值具有一定差异,以及氮迁移转化过程中的同位素分馏等的影响,导致模型计算得出的结果还存在不确定性,需要进一步优化模型的解析方法,以更精准地获取硝酸盐污染来源及其贡献率,服务于地下水资源的科学管理. 相似文献
156.
基于硫碳同位素研究南京北郊冬季霾事件中PM2.5来源 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2015年12月27日—2016年1月6日,针对南京北郊地区一次霾事件所采PM_(2.5)样品,测定样品中水溶性离子、硫同位素与碳同位素组分含量。水溶性离子研究结果表明:该次霾事件以二次污染为主且移动源占主要地位。硫同位素分析结果表明:硫酸盐的δ~(34)S(SO_4~(2-))值的范围为4.4‰~6.8‰,平均值为5.7‰±0.7‰(n=11),结合该地潜在硫源可知,此次霾事件中硫酸盐气溶胶主要来源为机动车尾气及煤炭燃烧。PM_(2.5)中的δ~(13)C值变化范围为-28.43‰~-24.94‰,平均值为-26.62‰±1.11‰,说明碳质污染物来源主要为机动车尾气、燃煤。此外,硫、碳同位素具有较好的负相关性,结合潜在硫源、碳源可知,2016年1月1日之前,南京北郊地区大气污染源以汽油车尾气排放为主;1月1日之后大气污染源以柴油车尾气和燃煤排放为主。 相似文献
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Nicole Stelzer Martin Thullner Alexander Poser Ivonne Nijenhuis 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1800-1806
Biodegradation of chlorobenzenes was assessed at an anoxic aquifer by combining hydrogeochemistry and stable isotope analyses. In situ microcosm analysis evidenced microbial assimilation of chlorobenzene (MCB) derived carbon and laboratory investigations asserted mineralization of MCB at low rates. Sequential dehalogenation of chlorinated benzenes may affect the isotope signature of single chlorobenzene species due to simultaneous depletion and enrichment of 13C, which complicates the evaluation of degradation. Therefore, the compound-specific isotope analysis was interpreted based on an isotope balance. The enrichment of the cumulative isotope composition of all chlorobenzenes indicated in situ biodegradation. Additionally, the relationship between hydrogeochemistry and degradation activity was investigated by principal component analysis underlining variable hydrogeochemical conditions associated with degradation activity at the plume scale. Although the complexity of the field site did not allow straightforward assessment of natural attenuation processes, the application of an integrative approach appeared relevant to characterize the in situ biodegradation potential. 相似文献
160.