Determination of biodegradation potential by two culture-independent methods in PAH-contaminated soils

Biodegradation potentials of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined with soil samples collected from various depths of a PAH-contaminated site and of a site nearby where PAHs were not found. Putative dioxygenase genes were amplified by a primer set specific for initial dioxygenases and identified by web-based database homology search. They were further categorized into several groups of which four dioxygenases were selected as probes for DNA hybridization. The hybridization signals according to the presence of putative dioxygenases were positively related to the extent of PAH contamination. However, the signal intensities varied depending on the probes hybridized and moreover were not consistent with PAH biodegradation activities determined by CO2 evolution. Despite widely accepted advantages of molecular biodegradation assessment, our data clearly present the variations of assessment results depending on the genetic information used and suggest that the methodology may tend to underestimate the real biodegradation capacity of a site probably due to the limited dioxygenase database available at the moment. Therefore, the molecular assessment of biodegradation potential should involve a very careful primer and probe design and an extensive microbiological examination of a site of interest to accurately delineate the biodegradation potential of the site.     

Assessment of renewable energy potential and policy in Turkey – Toward the acquisition period in European Union

This paper aims to assess the renewable energy capacity of Turkey in order to consider main priorities in the energy policy of Turkey. In this paper, renewable energy potential and regulatory conditions are discussed in Turkey in comparison with European Union. The results of the study implemented within the framework of EnviroGRIDS project indicated a promising yet very susceptible future for the implementation of renewable energy power plants in Turkey. The forecasts have shown that the solar power potential utilization is becoming more significant after 2020. The projections for 2050 indicate that electricity consumption from small and medium renewable energy sources including solar and wind will constitute 15% of the total, whereas the solar thermal will constitute around 16%. Geothermal and other renewables will remain around 3%. According to the high demand scenario, in 2050 the share of hydropower in overall electricity generation will be 12%, followed by solar power at 7% and wind power at 3%. Additionally, renewable energy policy and regulations in Turkey and in EU are overviewed in this study. On the contrary to EU, the constant feed-in tariff amount does not consider capital investments of specific energy sources in Turkey that brings disadvantage to the implementation. However, new regulations published and currently applied should be accepted as milestones in acquisition period of Turkey in EU.     

医用输液生产中药品安全隐患分析及对策

针对医用输液生产中易受到异物污染、存在安全隐患的现状,分析安全隐患产生的主要环节及成因。当前生产中普遍采用的人工灯检方法,由于劳动强度大、工人易疲劳,并不能从源头上完全杜绝含有异物微粒的输液进入临床。为此,提出利用机器视觉技术对输液中异物微粒进行在线自动检测的解决方案。首先建立输液中异物粒子的运动轨迹数学模型;然后提取输液视觉图像序列中每个可能目标的有效特征,通过特征匹配和轨迹关联进行甄别检测;最后对视觉系统进行标定,确定检测到的异物微粒的粒径大小及微粒数量。实验表明,该技术对输液中微小异物检出确率达95%以上,能从源头上有效避免医用输液生产中异物污染。     

模糊综合法在城市绿地系统景观生态综合评价中的应用——以上海市为例

绿地是城市人工景观中最重要的自然要素,以往对绿地景观生态的研究主要集中在能量流动和空间结构等方面,很少涉及城市绿地景观生态的综合评价。本文利用融模糊综合评判和模糊聚类分析于一体的模糊综合法对城市绿地系统景观生态进行了综合评价。     

贵州蒲桃的营养成份与资源的综合利用

本文首次对亚热带水果蒲桃的果实营养成份进行了系统的分析，发现其营养全面丰富，ＶＢ１和ＶＢ２含量是普通水果含量的４～２４倍和３～１０倍，人体必需矿物质营养元素钙、磷、镁、锌的含量也超过一般水果的含量，其综合营养价值较高。目前蒲桃资源的利用主要作为家庭用果和作绿化树种，应尽快开展蒲桃综合利用的研究，开发蒲桃资源。     

桑蚕蛹资源及其综合开发前景

我国有桑蚕蛹资源５０万ｔ／ａ，干蛹蛋白质高达４８．９８％．氨基酸种类齐全，８种必需氨基酸占４１％。目前大部分蚕蛹仅作为饲料使用，高蛋白资源的浪费极大。蚕蛹可开发２０多种保健食品、纺织、轻化工产品．综合开发经济效益高．具有广阔的开发前景。     

西岭雪山风景名胜区水质评价研究

本文根据西岭雪山风景区的生态、环境特征和水质标准，选择了８个评价指标，对８个采样带和全游览景区的水体质量，运用模糊数学方法进行了综合评价研究     

Reviews

Alex de Waal Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa Keith Smith Environmental Hazards: Assessing Risk and Reducing Disaster Kenneth Hewitt Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters John Seaman The Public Health Consequences of Disasters John Prendergast Frontline Diplomacy. Humanitarian Aid and Conflict in Africa John Prendergast Crisis Response. Humanitarian Band-Aids in Sudan and Somalia Christopher Hood and David K.C. Jones Accident and Design: Contemporary Debates on Risk Management D. Hulme and M. Edwards NGOs, States and Donors. Too Close for Comfort? James C. Hathaway Reconceiving International Refugee Law Rhona Flin Sitting in the Hot Seat Donald Meichenbaum On Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Handbook and Practice Manual for Therapy R. Scarpa and R.I. Tilling Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards Hanna Schmuck-Widmann Living with Floods: Survival Strategies of Char-dwellers in Bangladesh     

完善经济建设与环境保护综合决策机制

环境保护与经济建设协调发展是实施可持续发展的重要环节。为使环境保护与经济建设协调发展,必须在发展社会经济中,建立并不断完善经济建设与环境保护综合决策机制。     

THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT Environmental resources can be managed properly only by adopting a comprehensive approach. The whole environment must be considered as a single system, and prior to any action, all types of environmental impacts caused by it should be studied in detail. This paper underlines the close relationship between different environmental problems, analyzes existing management patterns, and proposes new alternatives whenever applicable. The different constraints, which have to be considered in the decision-making process while developing a plan, are also discussed. It is concluded that efforts neglecting the interaction among different aspects of the environment do not upgrade the quality of water, air, and land to any appreciable degree.