Rapid and radical amniodrainage in the treatment of severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome†

We have evaluated the role of a rapid and radical method of amniodrainage in the treatment of severe twin–twin transfusion. The outcome of 15 patients with severe twin–twin transfusion for which a amniodrainage was performed by means of a vacuum bottle system was compared with the outcome of 15 patients with a similar condition, matched for gestational age at the time of the initial procedure and drained using a standard procedure. In the study group the amniodrainage ended when no amniotic fluid could be aspirated, whereas the women in the standard group were drained with a syringe system and the fluid was removed until the deepest amniotic fluid pool was <8 cm. At the initial procedure, the mean volume of amniotic fluid drained was significantly (p<0.05) higher (3252 vs 2153 ml) and the length of the procedure significantly (p<0.001) shorter (21 vs 41 min) in the study group than in the standard group. The mean post-procedure amniotic fluid index was significantly (p<0.001) smaller (2.9 vs 7.7 cm) after radical amniodrainage than after the standard amniodrainage. The mean number of procedures was significantly (p<0.001) lower (1.5 vs 5.6) in the study group compared to the standard group. In the study group the mean placental thickness increased significantly (p<0.001) from 9 mm before the procedure to 49 mm after, and the overall perinatal survival rate was 80% and the proportion of pregnancies with at least one survivor was 93%. The present data indicate that early, rapid and radical amniodrainage is an effective and low-cost therapy for severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome. Compared to the standard amniodrainage technique it also appears to reduce the need for multiple procedures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

催化裂化废水连续萃取脱酚研究

选用焦化粗柴油为萃取剂，在转盘萃取搭连续试验装置中，对催化裂化含酚废水进行脱酚预处理。结果表明，用焦化粗柴油做萃取剂，进水ｐＨ值为８０～９０不加调节；油水比（体积比）１７∶１～２１∶１；转盘转数１１００ｒ／ｍｉｎ，酚萃取脱除率达到８５％以上。萃取后的粗柴油依据现有工艺而进行加氢精制，不需进行再生等后处理。整个萃取工艺简单易行，能满足预处理的要求     

饮用水中BDOC测定动力学研究

采用悬浮培养测定法,讨论了ＢＤＯＣ测定中动力学特性,得出在２８ｄ测定中ＢＤＯＣ的降解动力学满足一级反应,动力学方程为ＢＤＯＣｔ＝ＢＤＯＣｕ（１＝１０＾－０．０７７ｔ）,降解常数ｋ＝０．０７７ｄ＾－１,通过比较实测的ＢＤＯＣ３和据公式计算出的ＢＤＯＣ３,证明这种动力学关系基本正确。     

Development and Operational Testing of a Super‐Ensemble Artificial Intelligence Flood‐Forecast Model for a Pacific Northwest River

Coastal catchments in British Columbia, Canada, experience a complex mixture of rainfall‐ and snowmelt‐driven contributions to flood events. Few operational flood‐forecast models are available in the region. Here, we integrated a number of proven technologies in a novel way to produce a super‐ensemble forecast system for the Englishman River, a flood‐prone stream on Vancouver Island. This three‐day‐ahead modeling system utilizes up to 42 numerical weather prediction model outputs from the North American Ensemble Forecast System, combined with six artificial neural network‐based streamflow models representing various slightly different system conceptualizations, all of which were trained exclusively on historical high‐flow data. As such, the system combines relatively low model development times and costs with the generation of fully probabilistic forecasts reflecting uncertainty in the simulation of both atmospheric and terrestrial hydrologic dynamics. Results from operational testing by British Columbia's flood forecasting agency during the 2013‐2014 storm season suggest that the prediction system is operationally useful and robust.     

农药环境风险评估中常用的计算毒理学模型软件

农药的大量使用为我国带来了严重的环境和健康问题,仅依靠传统生物测试和环境监测的方法已经不能满足农药风险评估的需要。利用计算毒理学模型,可以实现农药的高通量风险评估。本文主要介绍了农药环境风险评估中常用免费的EPI Suite、QSAR Toolbox和PBT Profiler等定量结构-活性关系(Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship,QSAR)模型软件和SCIGROW、PRZM-GW、China-PEARL和EQC等环境多介质模型软件,以期能为农药的风险评估和科学管理提供参考。     

p,p'-DDE与雄激素受体突变体H874Y及T877A激动性作用机制的理论研究

1,1-二氯-2,2-双(对氯苯基)乙烯(p,p'-DDE)是一种已知的雄激素受体(androgen receptor,AR)拮抗剂。有趣的是,已有研究证实p,p'-DDE同时可经由作用于AR的2种天然突变体H874Y和T877A产生拟雄激素效应,但其相互作用的分子机制尚不清晰。本研究联用分子动力学模拟与MM-GBSA方法,以内源性激素二氢睾酮(DHT)作为对照,对p,p'-DDE与2种突变体的相互作用分子机制进行了研究。模拟结果指出范德华相互作用是维持p,p'-DDE与AR突变体结合的主要驱动力,而溶剂化作用的差异是导致p,p'-DDE与H874Y具有较高结合活性的主要原因,H874Y结合口袋与p,p'-DDE的结构匹配度优于与T877A。与内源性配体二氢睾酮相比较,范德华作用与静电相互作用的差异是造成p,p'-DDE比DHT结合活性低的主要原因,p,p'-DDE与AR突变体之间缺乏氢键的稳定。MM-GBSA的结果确定p,p'-DDE与突变体结合过程的关键氨基酸以疏水性残基为主,其中L704、M745、L873尤为重要。计算获得的p,p'-DDE对H874Y及T877A相互作用分子机制有助于理解该污染物在不同人群中内分泌干扰效应的差异。     

Reduction of sera requirements in amniotic fluid cell culture

Reduction in serum requirement for culture of primary human amniotic fluid cells can be achieved by the addition of 10 growth-promoting factors to the nutrient medium. This supplemented medium preserves cell types normally found in amniotic fluid cell cultures supplemented with 20–30 per cent fetal bovine serum. The volume of amniotic fluid required to initiate culture can be as little as 1 ml. Amniotic fluid samples contaminated with red blood cells with no visible clot also grow well in the low serum medium. Cell-free amniotic fluid combined with equal parts of supplemented medium is useful in initiating cell culture.     

Triton X-100对土壤中柴油的解吸特征及影响因素

为考察非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100对土壤中柴油解吸特性及土壤理化性质对其解吸的影响,通过振荡平衡法研究Triton X-100对浙江水稻土、重庆紫壤、江西红壤、海南沙土、青海灰漠土和黑龙江黑土中柴油解吸行为及其影响因素.结果表明,Triton X-100对浙江水稻土、重庆紫壤、江西红壤、海南沙土、青海灰漠土和黑龙江黑土中柴油的解吸均符合先快后慢、最后达到解吸平衡的规律,平衡时解吸量分别1.61、1.85、1.80、2.29、2.01和1.13 mg/g.其解吸动力学过程均符合准二级动力学模型（R2>0.99）;6种典型土壤中柴油的等温解吸特征可较好地用修正的米氏方程模型进行描述（R2>0.92）.Q_max（柴油最大解吸量）介于1.81~2.23 mg/g之间,浙江水稻土、重庆紫壤、江西红壤、海南沙土、青海灰漠土和黑龙江黑土中ρ_max（柴油最大解吸率）分别为73.20%、78.06%、75.63%、90.36%、79.89%和62.92%;土壤各理化性质对Triton X-100解吸土壤中柴油的影响起综合作用,其中土壤w（砂粒）与ρ_max呈显著正相关（R2=0.993 6,P < 0.01）,对Triton X-100解吸柴油的影响最大;而CEC（阳离子交换量）、w（OM）、w（黏粒）均与ρ_max呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）.研究显示,修正的米氏方程可用于描述柴油在土壤-水-表面活性剂Triton X-100系统中的解吸行为,w（砂粒）是影响不同土壤中柴油解吸的关键因子,可为应用Triton X-100修复柴油污染土壤提供理论基础.      

流体流速对好氧颗粒污泥快速培养的影响

针对好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养,研究了流体流速对好氧颗粒污泥形成特性的影响机制.由于反应器构型的差异,造成水力剪切力与流体特性的不同,从而对好氧颗粒污泥的形成产生较大影响.研究表明,在圆筒式SBR反应器中接种厌氧活性污泥,在36d时培养得到了成熟的颗粒,与挡板式反应器相比提前了4d左右,且MLSS提高了16.2%,达到5023mg/L;颗粒也更加致密,SVI达到45mL/g,远好于挡板式SBR反应器（序批式反应器）的SVI 63mL/g.原因是与挡板式SBR反应器相比,圆筒式SBR反应器的平均液相流速更高,气泡分布更均匀,水力剪切力更强.因此圆筒式SBR反应器培养好氧颗粒污泥的时间较短,污泥颗粒化的速度提高,得到的颗粒污泥更加紧凑密实.     

柔性散粒材料静力及动力学性能实验研究

战场环境下单兵防常规炸弹爆炸抗震减震技术装备及器材,由于受经费投入、战场环境等因素影响,一直没有成功研制并得到装备.通过室内砂箱振动台震动模拟试验,测试了不同柔性散粒材料在震动条件下的加速度值,对其减震性能作了一些初步的探讨.通过研究,可以看到柔性散粒材料在隔震方面具有其他材料所不具有的优越性能,可以作为制造隔震器材的首选.