信息安全的现状与若干进展

本在综述了国内外信息安全理论，管理和技术现状的基础上，结合信息安全的发展趋势，简要介绍了信息安全技术与理论最新进展；国内外信息安全发展水平的对比显示，我国的信息安全水平仍相对落后。     

计算机网络考试系统在山西煤矿安全培训中的应用实践

安全培训在煤矿安全管理中发挥着重要的作用。山西煤炭资源丰富,有包括地方、乡镇在内的煤矿4000余个,更需要通过科学、公正的考核手段保证安全培训质量,提高煤矿企业负责人的素质来保证煤矿的安全生产。传统的安全培训考试由于受到人力、物力和人情关系等主客观因素的影响,难以达到完全的公平、公正。而计算机网络考试通过题库随机出题、标准化判卷等技术手段恰好可以解决这些问题。由山西煤矿安全监察局组织开发的“山西省煤矿安全培训考试系统”,经过一年多安全培训考核的实践,取得良好的效果,基本实现了预期的设想。该系统的开发和应用为安全培训的科学化、规范化,为提高各类煤矿企业负责人的素质作出了有益的尝试。     

企业电力负荷计算机安全管理系统

采用无线数据传输和上下位分布式计算机系统结构,设计了一种工矿企业电力负荷计算机安全管理系统,介绍了该系统的硬件构成、软件结构和工作原理。实际运行表明该系统对提高企业电力负荷安全管理水平具有显著作用。     

A novel radiant floor system: Detailed characterization and comparison with traditional radiant systems

ABSTRACT

Radiant floor systems have the potential to reduce energy consumption and the carbon footprint of buildings. This study analyzed a novel radiant panel configuration comprising a metal plate with small spikes that can be pressed into cement board or wood. The behavior of this configuration was simulated for different materials for the metal plate, spike dimensions, and varying spacing between spikes. An annual energy simulation model compared the radiant panel configuration with the traditional concrete-based system. Simulations were run under heating dominant, cooling dominant, and neutral conditions; significant cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction were seen across all scenarios.     

电脑和手机电磁辐射强度测试及防护对策

测试了电脑显示器和手机工作时电磁辐射强度的大小,总结了它们发射电磁波强度大小的规律,并与国家标准进行了比较,针对电磁波的危害提出了一些防护措施和对策。     

Self-reported wrist and finger symptoms associated with other physical/mental symptoms and use of computers/mobile phones

Recently, computer, mobile phone and Internet use has increased. This study aimed to determine the possible relation between self-reported wrist and finger symptoms (aches, pain or numbness) and using computers/mobile phones, and to analyze how the symptoms are specifically associated with utilizing desktop computers, portable computers or mini-computers and mobile phones. A questionnaire was sent to 15,000 working-age Finns (age 18–65). Via a questionnaire, 723 persons reported wrist and finger symptoms often or more with use. Over 80% use mobile phones daily and less than 30% use desktop computers or the Internet daily at leisure, e.g., over 89.8% quite often or often experienced pain, numbness or aches in the neck, and 61.3% had aches in the hips and the lower back. Only 33.7% connected their symptoms to computer use. In the future, the development of new devices and Internet services should incorporate the ergonomics of the hands and wrists.     

Applying deep learning to right whale photo identification

Photo identification is an important tool for estimating abundance and monitoring population trends over time. However, manually matching photographs to known individuals is time-consuming. Motivated by recent developments in image recognition, we hosted a data science challenge on the crowdsourcing platform Kaggle to automate the identification of endangered North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis). The winning solution automatically identified individual whales with 87% accuracy with a series of convolutional neural networks to identify the region of interest on an image, rotate, crop, and create standardized photographs of uniform size and orientation and then identify the correct individual whale from these passport-like photographs. Recent advances in deep learning coupled with this fully automated workflow have yielded impressive results and have the potential to revolutionize traditional methods for the collection of data on the abundance and distribution of wild populations. Presenting these results to a broad audience should further bridge the gap between the data science and conservation science communities.     

用于流域水环境规划的计算机图形模拟

本文论述计算机图形技术用于复杂的流域水环境规划的优越性及可行性。介绍了国外有关动态及技术,并简要探讨了实现交互式图形模拟技术的条件,为在微机上实施流域水环境规划的图模拟技术做好了准备。     

时间压力视角下人格特征与VDT视觉搜索绩效的关系及形成机理*

为合理选拔和培训特定情境下的视觉搜索安检人员,从时间压力视角分析大五人格特征与视觉显示终端（visual display terminal,VDT）的视觉搜索绩效的关系。通过变量分析和设计,提出VDT视觉搜索绩效影响因素理论模型;运用Visual Studio设计实验模拟视觉搜索安检任务,采集绩效及眼动数据;最后进行有中介的调节模型检验。研究结果表明:不同人格特征的VDT视觉搜索绩效存在差异;所有人格特征的搜索策略随机指数随时间压力的增加而降低,但调整强度在不同人格特征之间存在差异,严谨性人格调整幅度最大;时间压力通过搜索策略的中介作用（部分）间接调节人格特征与VDT视觉搜索绩效的关系;较高和较低时间压力下,严谨性人格通过有效的搜索策略调整,绩效最好;中等时间压力下,开放性人格的绩效最好。研究结果可为视觉搜索作业人员的选拔和培训提供理论依据。     

电脑散热风扇灰尘中多溴二苯醚的污染特征和环境健康风险评价

以多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）为阻燃剂的电器的使用是室内灰尘中PBDEs的一个重要来源,其中,电脑是人们日常使用时间较长的电子设备之一.采集了主要电脑厂商过去十年间生产的笔记本和台式机内置散热风扇处的灰尘,研究了灰尘中PBDEs的含量、组成、来源及人体暴露量,并评价了其环境健康风险.结果表明,各主流品牌电脑均有部分样品∑PBDEs含量较高,显示其可能都曾使用PBDEs作为阻燃剂.组成上,笔记本和台式机均以BDE-209为主（笔记本：89.4%,台式机：93.3%）.53%的笔记本（19/36）和台式机（10/19）灰尘中∑PBDEs与室内降尘对照样的比值>1.其中,8台笔记本和2台台式机的比值>10（77±99和53±61）,表明部分电脑的组件中添加了PBDEs,其运行使用是室内环境中PBDEs的来源之一.人体通过灰尘摄入途径暴露于电脑释放源∑PBDEs的非致癌风险（HI）和BDE-209的致癌风险（CR）均比呼吸暴露途径高1~2个数量级,显示灰尘摄入在人体对电脑等室内PBDEs释放源的暴露中扮演主要角色.各暴露途径的暴露量均低于RfD,HI > 1和CR > 10^-6（可接受致癌风险的上限）的超标概率均小于0.000%,显示人体通过灰尘摄入和呼吸途径暴露于电脑释放源PBDEs的环境健康风险低,但由于人体对PBDEs暴露途径的多样性,其叠加后的暴露量和健康风险仍需进一步研究评估.BDE-209是我国人体经灰尘摄入和呼吸途径暴露于电脑释放源PBDEs的首要同系物.主要低溴BDE的暴露风险随溴代数降低而增加,BDE-209漫长复杂的自然降解所产生低溴BDE的环境健康风险值得继续关注.