用计算机实现环境噪声的自动监测

国内环境噪声监测仍沿袭着"仪器放点"、"数据整理"、"计算机录入"等旧的一套监测模式,自动化程度较低并且没有留存原始声级数据.文章介绍的用计算机实现环境噪声自动监测,比较好地解决了以上问题.文中对监测系统的功能要求、系统构成、系统软件以及系统的先进性作了简要的说明与阐述.     

Exploring the use of computer models in participatory integrated assessment – experiences and recommendations for further steps

Integrated assessment (IA) can be defined as a structured process of dealing with complex issues, using knowledge from various scientific disciplines and/or stakeholders, such that integrated insights are made available to decision makers (J. Rotmans, Enviromental Modelling and Assessment 3 (1998) 155). There is a growing recognition that the participation of stakeholders is a vital element of IA. However, only little is known about methodological requirements for such participatory IA and possible insights to be gained from these approaches. This paper summarizes some of the experiences gathered in the ULYSSES project, which aims at developing procedures that are able to bridge the gap between environmental science and democratic policy making for the issue of climate change. The discussion is based on a total of 52 IA focus groups with citizens, run in six European and one US city. In these groups, different computer models were used, ranging from complex and dynamic global models to simple accounting tools. The analysis in this paper focuses on the role of the computer models. The findings suggest that the computer models were successful at conveying to participants the temporal and spatial scale of climate change, the complexity of the system and the uncertainties in our understanding of it. However, most participants felt that the computer models were less instrumental for the exploration of policy options. Furthermore, both research teams and participants agreed that despite considerable efforts, most models were not sufficiently user-friendly and transparent for being accessed in an IA focus group. With that background, some methodological conclusions are drawn about the inclusion of the computer models in the deliberation process. Furthermore, some suggestions are made about how given models should be adapted and new ones developed in order to be helpful for participatory IA. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

电磁脉冲对计算机设备的易感性问题研究

电磁脉冲对电子设备威胁越来越严重,特别是对高性能、复杂的电子设备提出了更加苛刻的可靠性要求。就当前测试用电磁脉冲环境以及电磁脉冲的测试情况做了简要的介绍;在引述相关试验结果的基础上,通过比对不同的试验结果,从网络链路的后门耦合效应到计算机频率与电磁脉冲影响的关系等多个方面,分析并阐述了电磁脉冲条件下计算机设备的易感性问题。     

硫化物沉淀法处理含EDTA的重金属废水

在运用MINTEQA2模型对模拟重金属废水和EDTA萃取液中重金属离子形态进行分析的基础上,选用Na₂S沉淀法处理含EDTA的重金属废水. 结果表明:没有含EDTA的重金属废水,Cd2＋,Cu2＋,Pb2＋和Zn2＋是重金属离子的主要形态;而在含EDTA的模拟重金属废水和重金属萃取液中,重金属络合物是重金属离子的主要形态. 在c(EDTA)为0的条件下,Cd2＋,Cu2＋和Pb2＋的去除率达到100%,而Zn2＋的去除率仅为57.0%;随着c(EDTA)的增加,相同c(Na₂S)对废水中重金属的去除率逐渐下降. 在一定c(EDTA)的条件下,废水中重金属的去除率随着c(Na₂S)的增加而增加;但是在相同c(Na₂S)的条件下,Zn2＋的去除率较Cd2＋,Cu2＋和Pb2＋低. 工程实例进一步表明,Na₂S能够有效去除含EDTA重金属萃取液中的重金属离子,而完全去除Zn2＋则需要高浓度的Na₂S.      

计算机网络技术在排污申报登记工作中的应用探讨

针对现有排污申报登记工作中,污染源基础数据的获取与管理的效率低、可靠性差等一系列问题,探讨利用计算机网络技术手段,改进排污申报登记的业务流程,完善排污申报登记制度。     

超媒体技术对森林防火管理系统的支持

本文介绍了一种基于超媒体技术实现的森林防火管理系统。该系统成功地应用超媒体技术建立了超文本的数据库平管理森林防火工作中需要处理的大量的，相互关系复杂的多媒体数据，克服了传统森林防火管理系统数据类型单一化，理解性差，碎片多，反馈速度慢等缺点，为森林防火替代暑     

基于元胞自动机的火源威胁下人员疏散模型*

为研究火源对人员疏散的影响,在现有场域模型的基础上进行扩展,结合元胞自动机提出1种考虑多出口吸引、人员从众行为与火源威胁3者耦合作用的场域疏散模型。此模型综合考虑心理和环境等因素,定量描述人员之间、人与环境之间的相互影响,将出口吸引、从众心理与火源威胁3个影响行人疏散决策的元素归一化,以静态场和动态场耦合作用确定的转移概率作为行人移动的准则。采用此模型,分别对火源位置、火源威胁范围扩散速度在疏散中的影响进行模拟研究。结果表明:模型在一定程度上能够反映火源威胁下行人的疏散过程,再现了行人躲避和趋众行为,能为火源威胁下行人疏散提供理论借鉴。     

公共场合的计算机病毒防治

本文介绍了有关计算机病毒的一些基本知识，并根据长期的工作实践，提出了在计算机集中使用的公共场合病毒防治办法，以保证计算机的正常运行。     

COMPUTER ASSISTED NEGOTIATION OF MULTIOBJECTIVE WATER RESOURCES CONFLICTS1

ABSTRACT: Since the early 1970s, a large volume of literature has accumulated related to multiobjective water resources management problems. A relatively small portion of this specifically addresses the negotiation process required when there are multiple decision makers with conflicting objectives. This paper focuses on that process and describes a computer program designed to assist such negotiation processes. This interactive computer assisted negotiation support system is called ICANS. ICANS is designed for dynamic, multi-issue, multi-party negotiation problems. Based on information provided in confidence by each party via an interactive graphical interface, the program can help determine if there exist any possible alternatives that are equivalent or even preferred to each party's decision in the absence of a negotiated agreement. If such alternatives exist, through a series of iterations in which each party's input data, assumptions, and preferences may change, ICANS can assist the parties in their search for a mutually acceptable and preferred agreement. A simple example illustrates the data requirements and the use of ICANS in negotiation experiments.