基于多源数据融合的石油罐区安全监控模型

由于单一传感器在石油罐区安全监控中容易受到外界因素影响从而产生误差,为提高传感器检测结果的可靠性和罐区安全监控预警的准确性,基于多源数据融合技术,建立罐区安全状态预警模型。首先,介绍了多源数据融合技术的3个层级:数据级融合,特征级融合和决策级融合,以及目前各领域常见的数据融合方法;其次,建立了基于最优加权融合算法的一级融合模型和基于BP神经网络算法的二级融合模型;最后,得到石油罐区安全监控数据融合模型,并为进一步的实践应用打下了理论基础。     

2004年春季北京一次沙尘暴的理化特性分析

2004-03-27～2004-03-29北京发生沙尘暴天气期间,监测了气溶胶TSP、PM10和PM2.5的浓度,利用撞击式采样器采集了8级膜样品,并用ICP-MS分析了气溶胶中元素的含量,同时监测了地面辐射和风速的变化.结果显示,此次沙尘暴导致TSP浓度比平时增加3～4倍,PM10浓度增加2～3倍,PM2.5浓度有所降低.研究还表明:地壳元素Na、Mg、Al、Mn和Fe主要分布在粗粒子上.而污染元素Zn、Pb主要分布在细粒子上,污染元素主要是本地源.沙尘暴对总辐射有明显的影响,导致地面总辐射衰减了37.8%.受大风影响粗粒子浓度增加显著,细粒子浓度明显减少.     

Screening for acute ocular toxicity of commercialized products of cartap,an insecticide,and correlation to blood concentrations in rabbits

Cartap is an insecticide known to produce contraction and damage to mouse and rabbit diaphragms, and plays a pivotal role in respiratory paralysis and mortality in rabbits. The aim of this study was conducted to screen for the toxic properties and blood concentrations of commercialized cartap products in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. Five granular formulations (GRs) with different concentrations (4, 6, 6.5, 6.66 or 10%) and seven water-soluble powders (SPs, 50%) of commercialized cartap products were chosen to study toxicity following ocular instillation. Furthermore, ocular instillation (5, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg kg^?1) and oral administration (25 mg kg^?1) of the technical material (TC) cartap was also performed to compare blood concentration changes in rabbits. There was no death or eye irritation with all GR products; however, soluble powder (SP) products produced severe toxicity and mortality in rabbits. The blood concentration of TC cartap in rabbits started to increase from 2 min and reached peak levels at 7–9 min after ocular instillation in a dose-related pattern. For comparison of the blood distribution of cartap via different administration routes, oral exposure exhibited a higher absorption of cartap than ocular instillation. It was suggested that the commercialized GR products of cartap were safe but 50% SP products were highly toxic to rabbits following ocular exposure. This study provides valuable data to screen for potential acute toxicity of cartap to farmers and animals in the field.     

Statistical interpolation model for the description of ground pollution due to the TCDD produced in the 1976 chemical accident at seveso in the heavily contaminated zone “A”;

The influence of NTA on chromium genetic activity was studied in the D7 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. At low dose (subgenotoxic) of sodium chromate (CrVI) (5mM), NTA increased the point mutation while at higher dose (25 mM) of chromate in the presence of NTA a decrease of point reverse mutation was observed. Probably NTA affected either the uptake of Cr(VI) favouring the intracellular reduction to Cr(III), or the recombinational repair of DNA breaks induced by chromate oxiding activity.

An increase of point (reverse) mutation was obtained in the experiments with NTA and chromium chloride, suggesting the hypothesis that NTA might interact with Cr(III) forming NTA‐Cr(III) complexes able to permeate cellular membranes and bind to DNA. In addition NTA genetic inactivity was confirmed.     

Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and half maximal inhibitory concentration of antibiotics and their degradation products to assess the eco-toxicological potential

Abstract

Numerous studies have been reported on today’s ubiquitous presence of antibiotics in surface waters causing the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Advanced water treatment procedures aim at the complete prevention and elimination of antibiotics from entering natural water bodies. In this study, photoinduced degradation processes using UVC-irradiation were applied toward selected fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide antibiotics. Photodegradation products were elucidated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Rate constants and quantum efficiencies were determined for the active substances and their photo-transformation products. As a measure of ecotoxicity, minimum inhibitory and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations were determined against the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis in a standard assay format. These values were further recorded as a function of UV exposure time. The irradiation time-dependent increase of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values agreed well with the kinetic models. After 10?min of irradiation, the compound solutions ceased to inhibit bacterial cell growth, indicating removal of the pharmaceutical activity. These findings were found in agreement with quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis. The combination of microbiological activity testing, molecular structure analysis, chemical kinetic investigation, and quantitative structure–activity relationship models proved to be able to predict irradiation times and evaluate potential ecotoxicological hazard of the irradiated drugs.     

云南宣威燃煤室内可吸入颗粒物质量浓度变化特征

应用中流量采样器TSP-PM10-PM2.5对我国肺癌高发区宣威地区6个乡村19家农户进行采样,运用滤膜称重法来分析不同燃料类型室内及相应室外的大气颗粒物质量浓度特征.结果显示,各村庄室内、室外PM10质量浓度比值(I/O)变化范围为1.74~2.87,说明室内PM10污染主要由室内污染源引起;做饭时段室内PM10污染比其他时段严重,尽管烟囱可以将大量的污染物排出室外,但室内颗粒物的质量浓度依然较高.室内PM10质量浓度依燃料类型从高到低依次为块煤用户>型煤用户>燃柴用户>用电用户,室内PM2.5质量浓度依燃料类型从高到低表现为块煤用户>燃柴用户>用电用户;块煤、型煤用户的室内PM10的质量浓度平均值(442.49μg/m3、399.14μg/m3)超过国家室内空气质量标准日均值150μg/m3,污染严重;燃柴和用电用户室内PM10的质量浓度平均值(145.50μg/m3、119.91μg/m3)低于国家室内空气质量标准日均值150μg/m3,污染较轻.块煤用户PM2.5质量浓度日均值(132.58μg/m3)超过2012年2月29日环境保护部发布的环境空气质量标准二级标准75μg/m3,而燃柴和用电户PM2.5的质量浓度(55.24μg/m3、65.02μg/m3)均低于环境空气质量标准二级标准75μg/m3,说明块煤用户室内细颗粒污染较重,用电和燃柴用户室内细颗粒物污染相对较轻.     

SHMP分散配制用于环境风险模拟研究的纳米ZnO颗粒溶胶

选择SHMP(六偏磷酸钠)作分散剂,研究超声时间与静置时间对商购纳米ZnO的优化分散效果,以配制出用于环境风险模拟研究中的分散粒径小、效果稳定且浓度较高的纳米ZnO颗粒溶胶. 结果表明,相同条件下加分散剂的体系分散效果好于不加分散剂体系. 最佳优化分散方法:在100 mL超纯水中先加入45 mg SHMP作分散剂,再加入0.5 g的商购纳米ZnO,超声60 min后静置6 d,最终得到的颗粒溶胶平均粒径为(176.5±15)nm (纳米粒度-Zeta电位仪),TEM表征粒径为60～90 nm,Zeta电位为(-64.7±5.64)mV,实测分散浓度为(95.87±4.37)mg/L,其稳定性基本可以维持5 d.      

基于含VOCs原辅材料和产污环节实测的印刷行业VOCs排放特征分析

为掌握印刷行业VOCs(挥发性有机化合物)污染特征,进一步科学合理地推进印刷行业VOCs减排,利用“气袋法采样+实验室FID检测”以及便携式非甲烷总烃测试仪对京津冀地区25家典型印刷企业VOCs排放情况进行检测.基于21类含VOCs原辅材料的VOCs含量及时应使用环节废气VOCs浓度的监测结果,得出不同类型原辅材料VOCs含量水平,以及产污环节的VOCs废气浓度水平.结果表明:①油墨VOCs含量范围为0.05%~76.9%,胶印油墨、凹印油墨、柔印油墨和网印油墨符合GB 38507—2020《油墨中可挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)含量的限值》中含量限值的样品数分别占抽检样品总数的98.3%、85.7%、66.7%和100.0%,VOCs含量水平差别较大.②润版液、清洗剂、胶粘剂、光油等原辅材料VOCs含量水平分别为0.4%~45.0%、3.0%~98.7%、0.1%~60.0%、0.1%~50.0%,其中溶剂型样品VOCs含量明显高于水性、UV样品.③从生产过程VOCs产污水平来看,同类工艺的烘干环节VOCs产污浓度普遍高于印刷、清洗、润版等环节;采用溶剂型油墨、胶粘剂、光油的生产工艺VOCs产污浓度(100.0~5 000.0 mg/m3)明显高于其他工艺类型(10.0~500.0 mg/m3);VOCs产污浓度最高的为采用溶剂型油墨的凹版印刷工艺(300.0~5 000.0 mg/m3),其次为采用溶剂型胶粘剂的干式复合工艺(300.0~1 000.0 mg/m3)和采用溶剂型光油的上光工艺(200.0~1 000.0 mg/m3).研究显示,平版胶印、柔印、丝印、复合、上光等工艺均可通过源头替代达到较低的VOCs产污浓度水平(≤50.0 mg/m3),但凹印工艺在采用水性墨替代后VOCs产污浓度水平为50.0~500.0 mg/m3,仍需采取高效的末端处理措施.      

基于气体浓度和烟颗粒消光系数的复合火灾预警系统

为解决火灾烟雾颗粒的消光效应对光声火灾检测带来的影响,以近红外激光为光源,结合波长调制技术和谐波检测技术对光声信号和颗粒消光系数进行了测量,并建立了火灾复合探测模型。利用棉绳阴燃、木材热解2组阴燃火实验以及正庚烷明火、木材明火2组明火实验进行了火灾模拟探测,并结合特定算法对结果进行了判定。结果表明系统能较好地对实验产生的CO浓度和烟颗粒消光系数进行探测,且运行稳定,能够满足火灾预警需求。     

Cu2+和Cd2+对斑马鱼胚胎早期发育的联合毒性

采用斑马鱼胚胎早期发育技术,测定Cu2+和Cd2+ 2种重金属对胚胎发育的毒性效应. 以24 h致死和72 h胚胎孵化抑制为毒性终点,2种重金属的剂量-效应曲线可用Weibull函数或Logit函数有效描述,由最佳拟合函数计算得出半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)或半数效应浓度(EC₅₀)为毒性效应的评价标准,2个毒性终点的重金属毒性大小顺序均为Cu2+>Cd2+. 应用浓度加和(CA)与独立作用(IA)2种模型,对72 h孵化抑制率的无观测效应浓度(NOEC)配比混合物的联合毒性作用进行了预测,通过混合物试验观测数据的95%置信区间与CA模型和IA模型预测的剂量-效应曲线进行比较分析表明,2种模型都可以有效预测斑马鱼胚胎孵化的联合毒性.