活性污泥法的多变量最优控制Ⅲ.限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水BOD浓度

在前文的基础上，进一步研究了更常用的在限制最高和同时限制平均与最高出水有机物浓度两种排放标准的约束条件下，使其运行费用最省的最优周期控制问题．计算结果都表明，最优控制变量ＱＷ和ＤＯ的变化规律都尽可能使其满足约束条件和节省运行费用，但是，当进水负荷变化幅度非常大时，任何控制也难于使出水水质达标，而运行费用还会大幅度增大．相对而言，同时限制平均与最高出水ＢＯＤ浓度是更合理的排放标准，它既有利于污水处理厂的运行管理又能有效地保护受纳水体．初始状态Ｓ（０）对最优控制的影响不大．而Ｘ（０）的影响较大，在本研究中，Ｘ（０）的最优值在２４００—２６００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内．     

滤膜法测定大气所■子体放射性浓度的计算公式推导

推导了用滤膜法测定环境空气中放射性(气土)子体(ThB、ThC)浓度的计算公式及其潜能公式,为放射性环境空气质量监测提供了一种方便简捷的方法。     

Aerosol Number Concentrations during Kosa Events on Suburban Hills in Japan

Measurements of aerosol size-separated number concentrations were performed in March 2001 on the Tama Hills of Japan, located near regions of heavy industry. The concentrations of particles larger than 1.0 μ m in diameter dramatically increased during the Kosa phenomena on 6–8 and 18–24 March. The number concentrations of coarse particles (> 3.0 μm) showed distinct diurnal variations, especially during the Kosa events. Fine particles smaller than 0.5 μm increased when the relative humidity was high and the wind speed was low. On the other hand, the coarse particles concentrations were well correlated with wind speed and temperature. The dry deposition velocity of the coarse particles at the forest canopy was estimated from the nighttime decrease in the number concentrations.     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

遵义市大气主要污染物浓度变化规律试析

通过分析大气中主要污染物浓度的时空变化，阐明形成此规律的原因，对大气污染物的预测和防治具有一定意义。     

Analysis and Case Study of Duststorms in the Beijing Area

Dust weather conditions with strong wind often occur in Beijing during spring. The number of duststorms in Beijing has declined since 1954. In the last two years, however, the number of duststorms in Beijing has increased drastically due to frequent cold air movements and the deteriorated ecological environment. The heaviest duststorm in the last decade in Beijing occurred on 6 April 2000. It was caused by the development of a high-level small trough along with strong northwest wind behind a large trough that moved eastward and developed a strong cold air system. A non-hydrostatic meso-scale numerical model (MM5) gave a good forecast to the duststorm's major features and movement. Simulated results showed that there was a strong vertical ascending motion with a strong positive vorticity center in mid and low level. The mesoscale structure's formation and development and movement were consistent with the passage and moving direction of the duststorm. At the same time, the trajectories of air particles during this duststorm event and another case (on 27 March 2000) were estimated and analyzed, which had the comparable results with the real situation and the trajectory monitored by meteorological satellite. The trajectories analysis could help us study the transport track and sand source to some extent.     

喷雾降尘在凡口铅锌矿的应用

介绍了喷雾降尘技术在凡口铅锌矿井下大斜坡道的应用情况，并对该技术进行了评价。     

A new approach of drawing airport noise contours on computer based on Surfer

Noise contours are used to describe the extent of airport noise pollution and to plan land use around airports. The LWECP, (weighted equivalent continuous perceive noise level) recommended by ICAO( International Civil Aviation Organization) is adopted as airport noise rating parameter in this paper. With the help of various mathematical models in the software Surfer, noise contours can be drawn automatically by the completed program in Visual C Code. Corrections for thrust, velocity, atmospheric temperature, humidity and lateral ground attenuation are also considered in the new method, which can improve the efficiency of drawing contours. An example of its use for drawing noise contours of an airport in Zhejiang Province of China is proposed and the predictions and the measurements show agreements well.     

二氧化硫质量浓度在线监测子系统

烟气二氧化硫在线监测系统由2个子系统(二氧化硫质量浓度监测子系统和二氧化硫流速及流量监测子系统)构成。文中对系统的监测原理、方案等做了简要介绍,对二氧化硫质量浓度在线监测子系统做了较充分的论述。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器在低温低浓度下的动力学研究

在考虑膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器的反应动力学、水力动力学和热动力学特点的基础上,建立了EGSB反应器在低浓度下的基质降解动力学模型,求出EGSB反应器在进水COD450m g/L、35,15℃(与35℃同样的液体上升流速)和15℃(提高液体上升流速至最佳)3种运行条件时的速率常数分别为3.91×102,1.07×102,2.54×102d-1。用A rrhenius方程分析了温度对速率常数的影响,计算出EGSB反应器在提高液体上升流速前后的活化能分别为4.897×104J/m o l和1.197×104J/m o。l低温使速率常数明显降低,但液体上升流速的提高却能显著提高速率常数,降低活化能。