凝结水处理技术在大港石化的应用

根据石化行业凝结水污染的特点,结合大港石化动力车间凝结水处理前的现状及凝结水含油、铁及其他离子的情况,采用了复合双层膜凝结水处理技术对凝结水中的油、铁进行去除,运行实践证明油的去除率≥90％,铁的去除率≥80％,出水符合国家锅炉补水标准,并具有运行成本低等特点。此项技术填补了石化行业凝结水除油除铁的空白。     

Recovery Trajectories After In Situ Burning of an Oiled Wetland in Coastal Louisiana,USA

The high degree of physical disturbance associated with conventional response options to oil spills in wetlands is driving the investigation of alternative cleanup methodologies. In March 1995, a spill of gas condensate in a brackish marsh at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Louisiana was remediated through the use of in situ burning. An assessment of vegetation recovery was initiated in three treatment marshes: (1) oil-impacted and burned, (2) oil impacted and unburned, and (3) a nonoiled unburned reference. We compared percent cover, stem density, and biomass in the treatment marshes to define ecological recovery of the marsh vegetation and soil hydrocarbon content to determine the efficacy of in situ burning as a cleanup technique. Burning led to a rapid decrease in soil hydrocarbon concentrations in the impacted-and-burned marsh to background levels by the end of the first growing season. Although a management fire accidentally burned the oil-impacted-and-unburned and reference marshes in December 1995, stem density, live biomass, and total percent cover values in the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh were equivalent to those in the other treatment marshes after three years. In addition, plant community composition within the oil-impacted-and-burned marsh was similar to the codominant mix of the grasses Distichlis spicata (salt grass) and Spartina patens (wire grass) characteristic of the surrounding marsh after the same time period. Rapid recovery of the oil-impacted-and-unburned marsh was likely due to lower initial hydrocarbon exposure. Water levels inundating the soil surface of this grass-dominated marsh and the timing of the in situ burn early in the growing season were important factors contributing to the rapid recovery of this wetland. The results of this in situ burn evaluation support the conclusion that burning, under the proper conditions, can be relied upon as an effective cleanup response to hydrocarbon spills in herbaceous wetlands.     

燃油助动车与柴油车尾气冷凝物中有机污染物的比对分析

采用毛细管柱气相色谱-质谱联用(GC／MS)及选择离子检测(SIR)技术。结合超声波回流提取和柱层析化学分组预分离的前处理方法．了解燃油助动车与柴油车尾气冷凝物中有机污染物的化学组成。在2类尾气冷凝颗粒物中分别检出234种与144种有机化合物及同分异构体。均含有已知是人类致癌物的4～6环多环芳烃，柴油车尾气中苯并[a]芘含量为11—27μg／g。燃油助动车比柴油车燃烧效率更差．其尾气颗粒物对人体慢性毒性效应可能更严重。实验结果警示人们应尽快改进发动机机械性能．尤其是先天结构不甚合理的二冲程单缸发动机的燃油助动车．研究开发环保型机动车．严格控制并净化尾气有害物排放。     

除湿机冷凝水中亚硝酸盐的浓度与大气环境质量的关系探讨

探讨了家用除湿机作为空气水溶性物质采集器的可行性。通过离子色谱仪对冷凝水离子成分的分析,并与空气总悬浮微粒(TSP)可溶性化学成分的对比,发现水汽中大部分阴阳离子的含量只比TSP低1个数量级。但TSP中一般检测不出亚硝酸根,而在水汽中则可检测出亚硝酸根离子,且水汽中亚硝酸根离子的浓度与取样位置的大气环境质量有关。     

冷凝水冷却玻璃幕墙构建及其对室内环境的影响分析

为利用空调冷凝水的冷量同时解决单层玻璃幕墙夏季高温的问题,将冷凝水用于冷却单层玻璃幕墙,并对其进行了水量、造价及能耗分析.通过Ecotect、CFD模拟、对比了冷凝水冷却玻璃幕墙与普通玻璃幕墙在夏季的光环境和热环境.结果表明：冷凝水冷凝水冷却玻璃幕墙应用规模与建筑冷凝水产量有关,其应用会减少夏季日照辐射,减少幅度在30.1%~41.8%.加装了冷凝水冷却玻璃幕墙的房间温度较普通房间降温幅度为6.64%,白天降温幅度在6.64%~12.73%.综合分析,冷凝水冷却单层幕墙能够较为有效地调节室内环境,同时也是一种新的建筑幕墙改良途径和冷凝水利用方式.     

反渗透处理糖厂二效汽凝水回用锅炉的研究

糖厂以二效汽凝水取代原水回用锅炉是"节能减排"的重要措施,但含糖量过高的二效汽凝水回用锅炉后,将影响锅炉高效、安全使用。故此采用一级反渗透装置对二效汽凝水进行除糖净化处理。实验结果表明:反渗透系统的脱盐率能够稳定在87.82%左右,出水水质完全达到中压锅炉补充给水水质标准。建议拥有中压锅炉的糖厂采用糖厂锅炉补充给水除糖净化新工艺。     

空气冷凝水与降雨的化学成份相关性研究

为探索空气冷凝水与大气环境质量之间的关系 ,通过离子色谱仪等对冷凝水与降雨中化学成份的分析 ,并考察降雨前后空气冷凝水中可溶性化学成份的对比 ,发现空气冷凝水与降雨的化学成份显著相关 ,且冷凝水中大部分阴阳离子的含量比雨水低 1个数量级 ,降雨过程中的水汽冷凝水化学成份与降雨前相比有些成份下降 ,而有些则增加。     

“老龄期”填埋场渗滤液COD蒸发规律研究

“老龄期”填埋场渗滤液由于可生化性差而难于处理。采用常规蒸发、减压蒸发和载气蒸发处理不同pH值的“老龄期”渗滤液。实验结果表明，3种蒸发方式下，冷凝液CODF降过程中均存在明显的浓度转折点，转折点之后COD维持较低水平，为“老龄期”渗滤液的“三分处理法”提供理论依据。与常规蒸发相比，减压蒸发和载气蒸发的前期冷凝液COD较高，且浓度转折点偏后。     

南帕斯凝析油存储挥发与安全影响分析

南帕斯凝析油产自于伊朗,在炼制过程几乎不残留油渣,因而倍受炼油企业青睐。南帕斯凝析油中硫化氢及硫醇硫等有毒气体的浓度较高,在储存过程中由于储罐呼吸现象的存在,有毒气体挥发量较大。一旦有毒气体挥发量超出《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》中规定的限值,极容易引发安全事故。南帕斯凝析油的这一特性给企业安全工作带来了很大挑战。以分析南帕斯凝析油理化性质以及存储设备设施现状为基础,运用储罐大小呼吸计算公式定量计算出有毒气体的挥发量及在空气中的含量;并且以呼吸阀口为连续性点源建立气体扩散模型,根据高斯定律推算出下风向各点有毒气体浓度值,从而划分防护等级区域并制定相应的安全操作要求,为企业存储安全提供有效的防护方案。     

解析塔重沸器腐蚀原因及对策

分析了由于原油性质劣质化、原油中硫含量增加使设备腐蚀加剧,造成解析塔底重沸器出现内漏,致使装置凝结水中带油的原因,提出了相应对策。采取对策后,对凝结水系统中的油进行回收,消除了装置隐患并有效地降低了加工损失。