寒冷地区人工湿地保温措施及运行方式优化研究

通过对垂直流人工湿地冬季运行保温效果的研究,得出这种湿地类型在冬季没有保温措施的情况下,也不会造成布水管道的冻结,有机物去除率在70%以上;在进行简单保温措施后,处理效果显著提高,有机物去除率普遍在80%以上,说明垂直流人工湿地在西北寒冷地区的应用没有问题。另外,冬季低温运行时可通过优化运行方式提高湿地的除污和抗冻能力。     

西部地区产业结构优化路径分析

产业发展是区域经济发展的核心内容之一,产业结构更是直接关系到地区生产力水平、经济发展速度和质量、人民生活水平以及资源环境消耗.目前,国内外已有关于西部地区产业发展研究的文献,绝大部分都是大方向性的定性研究,定量研究还很少.在这种背景下,本文在文献回顾的基础上,首先通过测算区位熵、影响力系数及感应度系数,系统分析2000年以来西部地区产业结构动态演进过程及其存在的问题;然后,综合考虑经济增长及充分就业目标、能耗及污染物排放约束,建立产业结构优化模型,测算西部地区产业结构优化结果;最后,根据相关研究结果提出政策和建议.研究结果显示:(1)2000年实施西部大开发以来,西部地区产业发展水平明显提高,形成了以能源化工、矿产资源开发及加工、特色农产品加工为主的产业体系;但产业结构调整并没有取得实质性进展,产业结构仍然偏重,具有明显的资源依赖性.(2)西部地区产业结构优化路径可以划分为经济发展路径及绿色发展路径.绿色发展路径的测算结果显示,西部地区产业结构优化要积极发展装备制造业和轻纺工业,并优化提升现有的能源化工、矿产开发及加工业及农产品加工业,以达到《西部大开发“十二五”规划》及国家下达的节能减排指标.(3)在未来的发展中,西部地区要优化提升现有主导产业,建立低碳发展机制;积极进行技术创新,提高产品附加值,构建绿色西部;积极完善资源开发补偿机制,构建资源节约型西部;加强污染防治,提高资源利用效率,建立循环经济制度.     

News

Western China has lagged a lot in terms of industrial structure and economic development, compared with the national average. And China announced its target of CO₂ emission reduction, i.e. by 2020, CO₂ emission per GDP will drop by 40–45% compared with 2005. The target will be incorporated into China’s long-term industrial planning. Against this background, this paper will make a comprehensive examination of the industrial development of Western China, aiming to discover a green and compatible way. First, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of regional industrial structure for the period 2000–2010. Second, we try to discover the industrial structure optimization path for Western China by employing the Vector Auto Regression model. Lastly, we try to provide some advice and suggestions for further industrial development in Western China. Our examination shows that further industrial development in Western China should pay full attention to resource conservation and recycling, and develop on a green and compatible path.     

东北地区产业结构优化与城市土地集约利用协调性

精准识别产业结构优化与城市土地集约利用的协调状况,对于推动东北地区产业结构转型升级、协调国土空间规划及产业布局具有重要现实意义。运用耦合协调度模型及探索性空间数据分析法,深入探究了2009—2018年东北地区产业结构优化与城市土地集约利用的耦合协调水平及其空间相关性。结果表明：（1）东北地区城市产业结构合理化水平逐年降低,且区域差异程度较大;产业结构高级化水平小幅上升,但不存在明显的空间分异特征。（2）城市土地集约利用水平呈现出先上升后下降的倒“U”型演变特征,并沿着哈大交通经济带的中心城市向两侧梯度递减。（3）产业结构合理化、产业结构高级化与城市土地集约利用协调度分别呈现先上升后下降及稳步上升的演变态势。两协调度均以大连、哈尔滨等城市为中心向外辐射,呈现“多中心多圈层”的空间分布特征。（4）城市两系统协调度存在显著的空间正相关,但显著性逐年减弱,其中高—高聚集类型主要集中在辽中南城市群,低—低聚集类型集中在黑龙江东部城市群。     

Assessing Spatial Scale Effects on Hydrometric Network Design Using Entropy and Multi‐objective Methods

In order to facilitate water resources decisions, it is important that accurate and informative hydrometric data are collected. Combining information theory with multi‐objective optimization has led to methods of optimizing the information content provided by hydrometric networks; however, there is no available study on the effects of spatial scale and data limitation on these methods. Herein, a dual entropy multi‐objective optimization (DEMO) and a transinformation (TI) analysis were done to recommend optimal locations for additional hydrometric stations in the Madawaska Watershed. This analysis was designed to be comparative to a similar study conducted on the Ottawa River Basin which encompasses the Madawaska Watershed to allow for an investigation of the spatial scale effects in this type of network design. This study concludes that TI analysis is not adversely affected by scaling; however, the DEMO analysis is sensitive to the placement of potential station locations and the size of the study area. This study also examines the benefit of including nearby stations when the area of interest does not have a sufficient number of existing hydrometric stations for analysis. It is shown that these stations can provide useful information because their inclusion in the analysis increased the average TI in the watershed. Recommendations were made as to the ideal locations of additional stations in the Madawaska Watershed hydrometric network.     

中国环境服务业的SCP范式分析

环境服务业在环保产业中占据重要位置,环境服务业健康有序发展是"十三五"工作的重点之一。应用SCP范式,从市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效等层面分析环境服务业发展现状,总结环境服务业特点及问题,主要包括:企业普遍规模偏小,盈利水平不高,市场集中度较低;产品差异化程度低,技术和产品还具有较大的提升空间;政策、贸易等存在壁垒,产业发展受到一定制约等。最终根据分析结果及存在的问题,从制度、市场、模式、贸易等层面提出环境服务业优化建议。     

Design and optimization of new La1−xCexNi1−yFeyO3 (x,y = 0–0.4) nano catalysts in dry reforming of methane

The paper reports the production of syngas from dry reforming of methane (DRM) over La_1?xCe_xNi_1?yFe_yO₃ (x, y = 0–0.4) perovskites. A series of La_1?xCe_xNi_1?yFe_yO₃ were designed by central composite design (CCD) and synthesized by a sol–gel auto combustion method. Artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to determine the relationship between preparation and operational parameters on the performance of the catalysts in the DRM process. Nickel mole fraction, lanthanum mole fraction, calcination temperature, and reaction temperature were considered as input variables, and conversion of methane was considered as the output variable. An ANN model with nine neurons in the hidden layer was the suitable in predicting conversion of methane. The genetic algorithm (GA) was subsequently used to determine the optimal preparation condition for enhancing the conversion of methane. La_0.6Ce_0.4Ni_0.99Fe_0.01O₃ catalyst, calcined at 756°C was obtained to be the most active catalyst owing to the optimal composition of nickel and lanthanum in the catalyst formulation.     

Numerical modeling and optimization of a power augmented S-type vertical axis wind turbine

An axial symmetry augmented vertical axis wind turbine, which is suitable for arbitrary wind directions, is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the power generation ability of the S-type vertical axis wind turbine, a set of so-called “collection-shield boards” are installed symmetrically around the rotating S-type rotor. The flow fields around this type of wind turbine are numerically simulated with the aid of CFD method. The optimized design of geometrical parameters of the rotor and collection-shield boards is conducted by using the orthogonal design method. The obtained results suggest that the power output of the optimized augmented wind turbine can reach nearly three times higher than that of the conventional S-type vertical axis wind turbine.     

胶质气体泡沫(CGA)特性优化试验研究

采用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂制备CGA,得出CGA制备的最优条件。结果表明,表面活性剂SDS的浓度在临界胶束浓度、搅拌速度6400r/min、搅拌时间3min时制备的CGA最稳定,CGA的含气率会随着搅拌时间的延长而有所增加。     

基于MCOA布置矿井瓦斯传感器

为了预防矿井瓦斯事故,确定增设瓦斯传感器的数量和位置。通过建立监测有效 等级来确定增设瓦斯传感器的数量,然后通过分析多个猴群同步并行搜索、简易猴群算 法的初步搜索和基本和声算法的二次搜索等方法,设计出猴群优化算法的计算流程,再 根据瓦斯传感器布置的目标函数确定增设瓦斯传感器位置。以大隆矿为例进行了现场工 业试验,结果表明,增设瓦斯传感器的数量与监测有效等级之间成正比例关系,但并非 随着监测有效等级的提高而持续增加。